Heʻoiaʻiʻo anei kēia he PANORAMA o ka VIETNAMESE SOCIETY e hoʻomaka ana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kēia kenekulia?

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ʻO Asso ʻO Prof. HUNG, NGUYEN MANH

Nā koena o ka wā i hala

a..e.a I. Ke hele kūʻē nei i ka mōʻaukala o ko kākou lāhui a hoʻi hoʻi i ka wā kahiko
dinasties mai ka makahiki 18 a ma mua, hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa nā moʻolelo a me nā palapala Kina e lawelawe ana i nā ʻike no nā ʻoiaʻiʻo, nā hanana politika ...
Akā he mea paʻakikī loa ia no mākou ke loaʻa nā kiʻina nui, nā kiʻi liʻiliʻi e hiki ke kōkua iā mākou a me nā hanauna e hiki mai ana e ʻike pono i ke ʻano ola o ko mākou lahui i kēlā me kēia hanana mōʻaukala.

b. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kēia kenekulia, ua loaʻa iā mākou kahi kumu o nā palapala kahua ʻāina i loaʻa he mau kaukani nā kiʻi ʻāhi lāʻau, ʻo ia ka mea i hiki ke hoʻomālamalama i nā pilikia a ka poʻe e kākau nei e pili ana i nā mea e like me ka mōʻaukala kahiko, nā hanana mōʻaukala, a nā poʻe ʻē aʻe e like me nā mea hoʻonaninani, nā mea pena kiʻi, nā mea noiʻi ma ka moʻomeheu ʻōiwi… pono āpau e ʻike. Akā ma aneʻi, he aha ka mea e hiki ai iā mākou ke ʻike mai kahi kaiāulu i kū ʻole i ko mākou manawa? Hiki iā mākou ke heʻe ma o ka panorama o ka ʻO nā kumulani Vietnamese aku i ka hoʻomaka o nā kenekulia 20, ka manawa mua o ke kaʻahahui ma waena o ka mōʻaukala hou a me ka mōʻaukala wā.

KAHIKE NUI E pili ana i ka SKETCHES a me nā PLACES mālama ʻia lākou

a..e.a I. ʻO kēia kahi hoʻonohonoho o nā sketch e like me kā mākou helu helu 4577 ʻ -lelo iwi (1), 2529 ma waena o lākou e launa pū me ke kanaka a me ka ʻāina, a ma ka 1049 ma waena o kēia mau kiʻi 2529 e hōʻike ana i nā hiʻohiʻona wahine; like me ke koena o 2048 koena, hana hou lākou i nā mea hana a me nā lako hana.

na B. ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho i mālama ʻia ma Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Hanoi is 7 o ka hokeo ole ole i honu a lawe i ka helu helu HG18 - ma mua ua mālama ʻia kēia pūʻulu ma lalo o ka helu kuhi G5 o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Hanoi - Ua microfilmed kēia hale waihona puke i loko April 1979, ma lalo o ka helu helu SN / 805 me ka lōʻihi o 40 mau mika 70 kenimika.
Mālama ʻia kekahi ʻaoʻao e like me ka mālama pūnaewele ma ka ʻO ka Waihona ʻepekema Nui o ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Ho Chi Minh - hale waihona puke i maʻa mua i ka Ke keʻena o ka hale waihona puke no ka French Resident Superior - ma lalo o ka helu kuhi 10511 - ua microfilmed kēia pūʻulu no ka manawa ʻelua ma 1975, a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ʻelua puke.
ʻO ka mea kumu, ʻo kēia hoʻonohonoho like i noho i kēlā manawa o 10 mau kekona, ua microfilmed e ka Kukuiʻo Archaeology ma lalo o ka helu helu VAPNHY ma Mei 24, 1962 (2) ma ka ʻOihana ʻAilima Alpha i ka wā ma mua Saigon. ^ E Ha yM. Eia nō naʻe, nele ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia microfilm i ka ʻaoʻao 94 a he ʻaoʻao 95 i ka ʻelua (ma muli o kahi kīnā loea).

c hoowela. Aia nō i kahi lihilahi kūwaha o nā ʻaoʻao 120 i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, mālama ʻia ma lalo o ka helu helu HE18a, ua kāwili ʻia ʻia ma lalo o ka helu helu SN / 495 me ka lōʻihi o 5m5, a e kau pū nei i ke sila o ka ʻO ka hale waihona puke ma Indochina ma luna o kahi i ʻike ai ka helu 17924.
ʻO kēia ka hoʻonohonoho i mālama ʻia e mālama ʻia ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Hanoi. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka manaʻo kūpono, ʻo ia ka mea kūpono ma nā kihi ʻākau o ka ʻaoʻao mua, ka helu ʻana i ka hoʻolaʻa lima ʻana na H. OGER ponoʻī o ka puke, ka hoʻolaʻa ʻana i ka puke iā Governor General ALBERT SARRAUT e heluhelu nei:Ua hāʻawi mahalo ʻia i ke kiaʻāina kiaʻāina ʻo General Albert Sarraut e uku i kaʻu ʻaiʻē mahalo no ka ʻoluʻolu o kā ka Mea Hanohano vis-aø-vis i kaʻu mau hana noiʻi (3). Ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Vinh, Malaki…, 1912. Henri Oger".

e d. ʻAʻole loaʻa iā mākou kahi ʻike e pili ana i nā kumuwaiwai ʻē aʻe, ʻoiaʻiʻo loa ma Palisa, akā, ma ke kapikala ʻo Wīwī, ua loaʻa iā Profesor PIERRE HUARD (4) nā mea i hōʻoia ʻia penei:
"ʻAʻole i ukuhi ʻia kēia hana ma Vietnam, a laila ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia kekahi kope ma ka Hale Waihona Puke ma Paris. Akā, mahalo i ka ʻike lokomaikaʻi o nā mana Vietnamese (o mua ʻo Saigon), ua loaʻa iaʻu kahi kope kope i kope mai ka kope nui ma lalo o ka helu helu 10511 o ka hale waihona puke o ka Hale Manaʻo ʻOihana Cochinchinese Resident..
ka "École Française dʻExtrême-Orient”Aia hoʻi he kope a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kōkua o ka Ka lawelawe kiʻi paʻi kiʻi - Keena kikowaena o nā palapala pili ana i ka National Center no ka ʻepekema ʻimi noiʻi (CNRS) ".

Ua kālai ʻia ka hana a H. OGER a ua lawe i nā ʻano o nā kumulāʻau i liʻiliʻi nā mea i paʻi ʻia ma ka pepa nui65 x 42cm); ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia he 700 mau ʻaoʻao i ka lauwili ʻana a me ka haunaele, aia nā ʻaoʻao pākēnē e pili ana i 6 mau paʻi, ka helu ʻana o kekahi o lākou me nā kiʻi Roma, i hele pū ʻia e nā pūlima i nā hiʻohiʻona chinese, akā ua hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia lākou a pau. Nui loa ka helu o nā kope i paʻi ʻia
kaupalena: 15 wale nō kekona a me kekona ʻōhaha. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kēlā me kēia kikowaena i 7, 8, a i ʻole 10 fascicles. I kēia manawa, aia wale nō i ʻelua pūpū a hoʻokahi wale nō mea momona ma Vietnam (5).

… Ke hoʻohou nei…

KA MANAʻO:
(1) Ua hoʻopau mākou i nā kope a me nā mea e hōʻike ana i nā mea kani liʻiliʻi hiki ʻole ke ʻike akāka ʻia.
(2) a. Ua aʻo mākou ʻo Mr. PHAN HUY THUY, he mea moʻomeheu moʻomeheu a he poʻo kānāwai hoʻi i ka ʻO ka Archaeological Institute, ua hoʻolohe i kēlā me kēia mau kime a ua hoʻouna aku i ka microfilm i nā Mokuʻāina (e pili ana i ka 1972) e hana i nā kope i kekahi mau kope. Akā, me ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kumukūʻai, nona
manaʻo e hoʻouna i nā kope ma nā kula ʻoihana a me nā kula kiʻi kumu ʻole. Ma hope, The Kālana ʻO Van Hanh ua hoʻohana i kēlā me ka microfilm i ʻōlelo i loko o nā kiʻi liʻiliʻi e hoʻouna i nā loea i loko o ka ʻāina a ma waho. Ua hoʻopili mua ʻo ka mea noiʻi NGUYEN DON me kēia microfilm ma mua loa.
na B. Ma Paris, nā mea noiʻi kaulana e like me Mr. HOANG XUAN HAN, NGUYEN TRAN HUAN, a ʻo PIERRE HUARD paha paha ka mea i loaʻa i ka microfilm aforesaid.
(3) A Monsieur le Gouverneur Général SARRAUT en hommage respueux pour le bienveillant intérêt quʻil veut bien apporter à mes études. Vinh le… Mars 1912. Henri Oger.
(4) PIERRE HUARD: He ʻohana Kūleanole, ʻo ka mea hoʻolako me ka Orientalist MAURICE DURAND o ka hana kaulana i kapa ʻia "E aʻo e pili ana iā Vietnam (Connaissance du Vietnam) ”, Paʻi ʻia ma 1954 ma Hanoi. PIERRE HUARD - Le pionnier de la technologie vietnamienne (ʻO ka mea pionie i ʻenehana vietnamese) - HENRI OGER - BEFEO - TL VII 1970, ʻaoʻao 215,217.
(5) Ua hui pū mākou me kēia mau papa ʻelua ma ʻelua waihona puke. Ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻāina o Hanoi (ma 1985) aia Ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Saigon (ma 1962). Mālama ʻia kēia hopena hope ma ka waihona ma ka ʻO ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻepekema Nui ma ke kaona ʻo Ho Chi Minh (Ua ʻike mākou iā ia i ka makahiki 1984).