He Moolelo o SPRINGTIME MAGAZINE ma COCHINCHINA - Mahele 1

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     NʻO ka nui o nā mea nūhou kahiko i ka makahiki 30 a me 40 ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo Mr. DIỆP VĂN KỶ ʻo ia ke kanaka i lawe mua i ka hoʻopuka ʻana i ka makasina mua o ka punawai, ma muli o kona pili ʻana i ka pōʻai Press – ʻo ia hoʻi ka "Đông Pháp” thời báo (Makeka manawa Indochina Palani) o ke kaona-kaona NGUYỄN KIM ĐÍNH i ka makahiki 1927.

     AʻOiai ʻo NGUYỄN KIM ĐÍNH ka mea nāna kēlā makasina - ʻo TRẦN HUY LIỆU ka mea hoʻoponopono. Đông Pháp Time (Fig 1) ʻO ia ka makasina kū hoʻokahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka neʻe ʻana o ka lāhui - i ulu nui loa i kēlā manawa - no laila ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka manaʻo o ka lehulehu e hoʻokipa a heluhelu. No ia kumu, ma ka hopena o ka makahiki 1927, ua puka mai ka makasina Springtime time, me ka helu haʻahaʻa o nā ʻaoʻao a me ka nui maʻamau, i paʻi ʻia me nā waihoʻoluʻu ʻulaʻula a ʻeleʻele, a ua kūʻai koke ʻia.

     Hauhea i hookipa pumehana ia mai ai e ka poe heluhelu? No ka puka ʻana mai o nā inoa nui o ka poʻe kālaiʻāina e like me PHAN CHÂU TRINH, PHAN BỘI CHÂU, a i ʻole BÙI QUANG CHIÊU? Ke hōʻike nei ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i ka ʻokoʻa - ʻO ia ma muli o ka "eccentric" poet NGUYỄN KHẮC HIẾU me kāna mele "E hauʻoli ana i ka wā puna" (Chơi Xuân). Heluhelu i ka poem "Chơi Xuân” i kākau ʻia ma ke ʻano maʻalahi o nā makahiki 30 a me 40, hiki iā mākou ke manaʻoʻiʻo mua, e haʻi mai ana ʻo ia iā mākou i ka leʻaleʻa a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o ka mea ʻona i ka hoʻokahe ʻana i kāna kīʻaha waina me ka ʻai hoʻokahi, akā kūʻē i ko mākou manaʻoʻiʻo, ʻo ia maoli nō. e hana ana, he hōʻuluʻulu mua o nā ʻano like ʻole o ka leʻaleʻa i ka Springtime i nā wā mōʻaukala a pau, mai Kina a i ko mākou ʻāina. ʻO kēia me nā manaʻo kanaka, politika a me ka pūʻali koa…, e manaʻo ana e hoʻāla i ka aloha ʻāina.

     AʻO kēlā manawa, ʻoiai ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai ka pilina o nā palapala Vietnamse i kākau ʻia e Kina a me Kina, ʻo kēia haku mele i manaʻo e alakaʻi i kahi ala Farani a e aʻo i ka ʻōlelo Farani, ʻaʻole hiki ke uhaʻi me kāna "nā kūkulu like ʻana” hele mai la ke ano o ka ʻO Chung Chung (Bele Kupanaha) puka punawai i ka makahiki 1929 – Minamina ka ʻO Chung Chung ua pōkole; Ua hōʻike ʻia ma Ianuali 7, 1929 a ua make ʻōpio loa i ka lā 25 o Malaki, 1930.

   The ʻO Chung Chung i kēlā lā i kēia lā he mau distich i mahalo nui ʻia e kāna poʻe heluhelu i kēlā manawa:

  "Ke kani nei ka bele kakahiaka e hōʻike ana i ko kākou mau makaʻāinana i nā manaʻo maikaʻi loa no nā lā hauʻoli ʻekolu. No ka hopohopo nui a piha i ke aloha i ko mākou ʻāina kahiko, ke manaʻolana nei mākou e loaʻa iā mākou nā manawa maikaʻi he nui i kēia mau lā puna.. "

    A ʻO ka hihia like ka mea o TRẦN THIỆN QUÝ – i ka wā e mālama ai i ka Kū ʻo Lập (ʻAʻohe ʻokoʻa) i kēlā me kēia lā, mahalo nui ʻia ʻo ia e ka poʻe heluhelu, akā i ke komo ʻana i ka Công Luận, ua nalowale liʻiliʻi ʻo ia i kēlā mahalo.

 

 

     Tʻo ia ka pukana o ka punawai - i paʻi ʻia i kēlā wā punawai - ʻoiai ua hoʻonui a hoʻomālamalama ʻia - pono e kaʻana like i ka hopena o ka lāhui ma kēlā me kēia wā mōʻaukala like ʻole. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ia ka manawa o ka pilikia waiwai - a ma ka puka puna i paʻi ʻia ma Pepeluali 14, 1931, ua hoʻopiʻi ka mea kākau ʻo NGUYỄN VĂN BA, ka mea hoʻoponopono, e pili ana i ka pōʻino o ka poʻe ma Cochin China ma kāna ʻatikala i kapa ʻia: "Tết o ka makahiki hope a me Tết o kēia makahiki”. E heluhelu hou kakou i ka pauku, i piha me ka pessimism, ma kana atikala e hiki ai ke hoohalike ia me ka pauku ola. Tản Đà Ua kākau ʻo NGUYỄN KHẮC HIẾU i kāna ʻatikala i kapa ʻia: “Nanea i ka wā puna”, i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna.

   "... ʻOiai mākou e leʻaleʻa nei i ka manawa Tet hope loa, ua maopopo iā mākou a pau e hiki iā mākou ke hauʻoli i ka manawa Tết o kēia makahiki, akā ʻaʻole mākou i manaʻo e like me kēia. I ka makahiki i hala, ʻaʻole i loaʻa iā mākou kahi manawa Tết e like me kēia makahiki Tết manawa a no ka haʻi ʻana i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole mākou i loaʻa kahi Tết manawa like i ka moʻolelo o Cochin China".

             Pehea ke kaumaha o kēia makahiki Tết manawa?  
            Pehea ke kaumaha o kēia manawa ʻo Tân Vi Tết?

     Ii nā makahiki he 30, ʻaʻole nui nā nūpepa i kākau ʻia ma “quốc ngữ" (latinized national language), ʻoiai ua ʻike ka lehulehu i nā huaʻōlelo latinized. Mawaena o kela mau nupepa laha ole, ka Thần Chung i kēlā me kēia lā ʻo ia ka mea kaulana loa.

     AʻO ka hui o ka poʻe nūhou e kākau ana i nā nūpepa a me nā nūpepa i ka wā puna, ka Công Luận (Manaʻo lehulehu) i kēlā me kēia lā he kumu alakaʻi i ʻike ʻia: ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hui o nā mea hoʻoponopono no kēlā me kēia pukana o ka punawai – no ka laʻana, ua kākau ʻia ka pukana punawai kūikawā o ka makahiki 1931 e nā mea hoʻoponopono NGUYỄN VĂN BA a me PHÚ ĐỨC. Me nā pilikia kūikawā o ka wā punawai i hiki mai ka huli o VÕ KHẮC THIỆU, DIỆP VĂN KỶ, a laila TRẦN THIỆN QUÝ.

     Aoiai ua mahaloia e ka poe heluhelu oiai lakou e noho ana me ka Thần Chung i kēlā me kēia lā - ka hui Kỷ, ka hanohano o Ba ua hoemi ia i ko lakou hele ana e hana no ka Công Luận i kēlā me kēia lā.

    "... Mai noʻonoʻo ʻoe i nā lā mamao loa, mai ka makahiki Tân Vi i hala (1871) a hiki i kēia manawa, ma hope o ka noho ʻana ma lalo o ka French Protectorate, ua noho hauʻoli nā kānaka a pau ma Cochin Kina, a i kēlā me kēia manawa i ka hiki ʻana mai o Tết, inu nā kānaka e aloha hauʻoli. ʻO ka pūnāwai a hiki i ka makahiki i hala (1930), ʻaʻole i hauʻoli ka lewa a me nā hiʻohiʻona e like me ka wā ma mua, akā hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai ka kanahiku a hiki i ke kanawalu pākēneka o ka lewa Tết.

    E ʻike ka poʻe i hānau ma kēia ʻāina. Eia naʻe, ua hoʻololi ʻia nā mea a pau i kēia manawa Tân Vi Tết, hiki i kekahi ke ʻōlelo i ka makahiki i hala ua loaʻa iā mākou he ʻumi mau hana a ʻo kēia makahiki ʻaʻole mākou hoʻokahi wale nō. I ka makahiki i hala aku nei, hiki i kahi hale kūʻai kilika ma ke alanui Catinat ke kūʻai aku i kēlā me kēia lā i ʻehā a ʻelima haneli piastres silika, i kēia makahiki, hiki iā ia ke kūʻai aku i kanakolu a kanahā piastres i kēlā me kēia lā. Ke hoʻopiʻi nei nā mea a pau e pili ana i ka hālāwai ʻana me ka pohō... "

     "... ʻO kekahi kumu ʻē aʻe o kēia kūlana i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā pilikia i loaʻa mai ka makahiki i hala. "

     Bakā, e ʻike kākou ʻaʻole i hāʻule nā ​​nūpepa a me nā nūpepa a pau i ka wā puna i loko o kahi "luhi a kaumaha"ʻo ke kūlana, e like me kekahi o lākou, me ko lākou mau manaʻo lōʻihi, ua wānana i ka wā e hiki mai ana. E heluhelu hou kākou i kekahi ʻaoʻao o ka ʻO Trung Lập (ʻAʻohe ʻokoʻa) pilikia i ka wā puna i kākau ʻia e TRẦN THIỆN QUÝ a paʻi ʻia ma Ianuali 21, 1933. Ua ʻaiʻē ʻo ia i kahi ʻōlelo Farani e haʻi i nā loli o ka pōmaikaʻi a me ka emi ʻana, nā manawa a me nā pōʻino - ma ke ʻano he ʻepekema mau loa.

 

   "... He ʻōlelo ko Palani penei: “He makani ʻino ʻaʻohe mea maikaʻi”. Maʻaneʻi, ua lohi ka maikaʻi i ka hiki ʻana mai, akā ʻike nā kānaka a pau aia maoli nō ia.   

   “Inā ʻaʻole pehea i ʻike ai ko kākou poʻe Annamese i kēia manawa i ka hana ʻana i ke kopa, ka ulana ʻana i nā kāmaʻa, ka hana ʻana i nā kāmaʻa lāʻau, a me ka hana ʻana i nā kāmaʻa ʻili; he nui na mea hana i malama mua ia no na Pake. A inā ʻaʻole, pehea lā i ʻike ai ko mākou poʻe Annamese i kēia manawa i ka wehe ʻana i ka hale ʻaina, nā hale kūʻai kofe, a me ke kūʻai aku ʻana i ka sopa Pākē a me nā nīkeke Pākē.. " 

    A he mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua Press ua hāʻawi ʻia i ka nui o "ku okoa ana” no laila ua ulu nui ia i nā makahiki 1938-1939. Eia naʻe, i ka wā i pahū ai ke kaua, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā nūpepa he nui me nā mea nūhou i hopu ʻia a hoʻopaʻahao ʻia. ʻO ka Press hāʻule i kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi. I kēlā manawa, hiki i nā kānaka ke ʻike i kekahi mau nūpepa wale nō e like me Điện Tín, Sai Gòn (Saigon), Truyền Tin a Dân Báo (Nūpepa kanaka).

     We pili ana i ka Dân Báo (Nupepa Kanaka) - ʻManlelo hou Ua paʻi ʻo BÙI THẾ MỸ i ʻekolu mau ʻano pilikia wā puna: i ka makahiki 1940-1941-1942. Ma waho aʻe o lākou, ua paʻi nā nūpepa o ĐẶNG NGỌC ÁNH a me MAI VĂN NINH i nā pilikia 3 i nā makahiki 1943-1944 a me 1945.

    If ka naau haahaakani” i hōʻike ʻia i ka wā pilikia o ka hoʻokele waiwai, a laila, i ka hiki ʻana mai o ka wā kaua, ua lawelawe mau kēia leo i ka lehulehu me ko lākou noʻonoʻo huhū. E heluhelu hou kākou i kekahi ʻatikala i paʻi ʻia ma ka Điện Tín ma 1945.

  "... ʻO ka poʻe wale nō i hūnā iā lākou iho ma lalo o kahi ʻauwaha i hiki ke ʻike i ka hohonu o ka lepo; a ʻo ka poʻe wale nō i hele i ke kai e ʻike i ka nui o ke kai. I kēia mau makahiki 6 i hala iho nei, ua like ko kākou ʻāina me ka moku e kū ana i waho o ke kai, ʻoiai aia i uka he ʻauwaha liʻiliʻi e malu ai.. "

   PʻO ka hemahema o nā kānaka, ʻo ia ka manaʻo ua ʻoi aku ka pōmaikaʻi o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe ma mua o lākou iho, ʻoiai, i kēlā me kēia lā, loaʻa iā lākou nā pōmaikaʻi ʻoi aku ma mua o ko lākou mau hoa hana. ʻOiai ka liʻiliʻi o ka pōmaikaʻi, pono mākou e hauʻoli i ka loaʻa ʻana, no ka mea, ua hana ʻia e mākou wale nō e like me ka malu, ʻoiai he haiki, ke paio mau nei i ke kaomi ʻana o ka makani, a me nā ʻāpana pahū ʻoi.

   TʻO hat ke kūlana ma CochinChina ʻo HỒ BIỂU CHÁNH kekahi o nā mea hōʻike mōʻaukala.

    Le hele ana i Hanoi - ka moena o ka lāhui holoʻokoʻa - ua loaʻa i nā mea nūhou, ma o nā nūpepa e like me Tri Tân (Ka ʻike o ka mea hou), Thanh Nghị (Manaʻo lehulehu), Trung Bắc Chủ nhật (Sabati Waena a me Akau) waiho iho no ko kakou waiwai i ka waiwai nui o na palapala, i hoohanaia no ka Press a Nā pōʻai palapala. Ma ka ʻōlelo pololei ʻana i nā pilikia o ka punawai o Trung Bắc Chủ nhật, Phong Hóa a ʻAʻole ua lanakila ka manao o ka poe heluhelu Pake Cochin.

… ua hoʻonui ʻia…