KĀKIKI a me nā ARTS o ka manawa - 15 kenekulia
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ʻO Prof. TAN, HA VAN
Me ka kūpaʻa kūloko i ka 15th kenekulia, hiki i ka moʻomeheu a me nā ʻano hana ke hoʻomohala. O ka Lam Keiki1 ka lipi a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i hope o ka ʻāina i hoʻoikaika i ka hana palapala o ʻO Nguyen Trai'Ā2 Binh Ngo Dai Cao (Hoʻolaʻa i ka hoʻoiho o ka Ming). Mahope iho la keia ʻO Ly Ter Tan'Ā3 Xuong Giang Phu (ʻO Ode i ka muliwai Xuong - kahi o kahi kaua nui e kūʻē i ka Ming); ʻO Nguyen Mong Tuan's4 Lam Son Giai Khi Phu (Ode i ke Alakai o ka mauna o Lam Lam Son) a me ka ʻO Nghia Ky Phu (Ode i ko Banner o Lunakanawai), me nā hana ʻē aʻe he nui. Aliʻi ʻO Le Thanh Tong5 iā ia iho i kā ia i ka kumuhana like i loko ona Phu Lam Keiki.
ʻO Le Thanh Tong5, hāʻawi nui i ke aliʻi-cum-poet, i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka moʻomeheu. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻO Tao Dan6, he mau kūpuna palapala. Ua hoʻohālikelike nā lālā 28 i nā hōkū 28 ma ka lewa, a ua ʻike ʻia no ke ʻano o nā hōʻuluʻulu poʻomanaʻo. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻlelo i loko o ka puke Vietnamese i kāhea ʻia Nom7, ua pili ʻia i nā moemoeā China. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka palapala kākau i nā hana nui he nui e pili ana i ka ʻO Quoc Am Thi Tap (ʻO ka hōʻuluʻulu o nā poʻi ma ka ʻ Languagelelo Hawaiʻi) e ʻO Nguyen Trai 7 a Hong Thuc Quoc Am Thi Tap, he ʻohi kālā ma mua o ʻekolu mau mau poʻomanaʻo.
Ua kūpaʻa ʻo Confucianism i loko o ka palapala a me ka hana. I ke kenekulia ʻokoʻa, ua liʻiliʻi wale nō nā luakini a me nā stupa, akā paʻa nā hana i kūkulu ʻia ma Thang Long8 no ka hoʻohanohano ʻana iā Confucius, ua kūkulu hou ʻia ma ke ʻano ākea nui a ua kūkulu ʻia nā kiʻi like ʻole ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka ʻāina.
ʻO nā aliʻi o ka Le aliʻi wahine9 makemake nui lākou e hoʻohui i nā kūkulu hou ʻana i ka ʻoihana mokuʻāina. Na hale aliʻi o ʻO Kinh Thien10, Hiki iā Chinh11 a ʻO Van Tho12 ua kauohaia e Le Loi13 i 1428. Ma hope iho ua hui pū ʻia ʻo Hoi Anh14, Hiki i Dure15, Tucmg Quang16, ʻO Kim Loan17, ʻO Thuy Ngoc18 a me kekahi mau hale hauoli ʻē aʻe.
Ma nā ʻaoʻao hema o ke kūlanakauhale ua hānai ʻia nā papa nui. I waena o lākou ʻo Nam Giao19 a Xa Tac20, kahi i hana pono ai nā hoʻomana haipule i ka lani no ka honua. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā huahana 15th kā nā kalai ʻia ʻana o ke kenekulia i kēia mau lā ke kumu o ke kanaka a me nā holoholona. He liʻiliʻi lākou, ʻoi aku ka hiʻi a nele i ka lokomaikaʻi, ʻano like me ke ola e hōʻike i nā kiʻi i lalo o nā Ly and the Tran dynasties. ʻO kekahi mau hana kiʻi sculptural, e like me nā lele o nā ʻanuʻu pōhaku i hoʻonani ʻia me nā ʻīlio, ua hele ma kahi ʻano nui i ka wā i kūkulu ʻia ai lākou. Le ʻona, e like me nā mea ma ʻO Kinh Thien (Lumi hoʻokolokoloi Ha Noi pākaua, ʻokoʻa ʻē mai nā mea i kālai ʻia ma lalo o ka Ly a me ka Tran19. ^ E Ha yM. He pale lākou i nā maka, nā pū aloha a me nā ʻehā dorsal koi, a paʻa lākou i loko o kahi kūlana hoʻoweliweli hou aku, me ka puʻu hoʻokahi e hāpai ai i ka ʻumiʻumi. Ma keʻano maʻamau Le ʻalona20 nānā ceremonial a no laila, hoʻopaʻi.
ʻO nā ʻulekoa, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, e ulu pono ana ma lalo o ka Le aliʻi wahine. ʻO ka mea nui ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o ka aniani polū me kahi ʻano laulā o nā kumu hoʻonaninani - nā ao, nā deragona, nā phoenixes, nā chrysanthemums, nā ʻōpala, nā pāpaʻi, nā lotus a me nā pua lemi - i huki ʻia i nā aka like ʻole ma kahi keʻokeʻo. ʻO ke ʻano ʻāpiki wiwo ʻole o ka nāhelehele i hāʻawi i ka hopena hope loa i kahi kiʻekiʻe ʻoihana noʻeau.
The 15,h hanohano kenekulia i kahi mahele ʻokahi i ke ʻano hana. I ka ʻaha, i hoʻomalu ʻia ia e nā kānāwai ikaika a lilo i ka hoʻomana a me ke stereotypical.
ʻO ka hopena o ka Ming21 ua manaʻo ikaika ʻia i ka ʻaha. I kēia manawa, hoʻokipa kaulana - tuong (opera papa), e! (palake opera kaulana) a hoʻomau nā mele mele i nā mea maʻamau.
Ua hoʻoholo ka ʻaha i ka ʻimi hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea ʻoliʻoli kaulana. Aliʻi Le Thai Tong5 i 1437 ua pāpā ʻia Nūpepa mai ʻ Mlelo Mieu22, ka luakini i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ka moʻomeheu o kona mau kūpuna. Aliʻi Le Nhan Tong23, i kona kipa ʻana ʻana iā Lam Kinh i ka makahiki 1448, aloha ʻia e kekahi poʻe ʻōpio kāne a me nā wahine e hoʻokani nei i kahi hula i kapa ʻia Rt Ren24 i loko o lākou i mimike ai i ke ʻohi ʻana i nā pua a ulana iā lākou i lei. I kekahi manawa o ka hulahula, ua hele ka pā i kekahi mau wāwae i ko lākou mau wāwae a no laila ua hoʻopiʻi ʻia lākou e nā pelekane o ka mōʻī.
ʻOiai me nā kānāwai āpau a me nā lula, ua ulu ʻole nā ʻano leʻaleʻa like ʻole.
noka:
1 Lam Keiki … Hōʻano hou…
BAN TU THU
5. 2020
KA MANAʻO:
◊ Kumu: Ka Hana Hou o Vietnam. Ha Van Tan. thegioipublishers.vn, 2018. Kaulana; wikimapia.org.
◊ Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā kaha kiʻi a me nā kiʻi sepia āpau e BAN TU THU - ma kahi o ka mea.