Trionychidae honu palupalu

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     The Trionychidae a ʻohana taxonomic o kahi helu o ʻohana honu, maʻamau i ʻike ʻia e nā honu ʻili palupalu. Ua kūkulu ʻia kēia ʻohana e Leopold Fitzinger ma 1826. Nā ʻili palupalu e komo pū kekahi o nā mea nui loa o ka honua nā honu wai maʻemaʻe, ʻoiai he nui ka poʻe e hiki ke hoʻololi i ka noho ʻana ma nā wahi panoa. Aia nā lālā o kēia ʻohana ma ʻApelika, ʻAsia, a North America, me nā ʻano mea pau i ʻike ʻia mai Nuhōlani. Ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka hapa nui o nā ʻano i loko o ka genus Trionyx, akā ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka hapa nui i kekahi hana (nā ʻāpana palupalu Apalone ʻAmelika ʻAmelika i waiho ʻia ma Trionyx a hiki i 1987).

     Trionychidae i kapa ʻiaPALAPALA” no ka mea, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i kā lākou kaʻa kaʻa (nā unahi), ʻoiai ka ʻōniʻoniʻo palupalu, Apalone spinifera, loaʻa i kekahi mau kuhi like ʻole, no laila kona inoa. He ʻili a paʻa ka carapace, ʻoi aku ma nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao waena o ka carapace he papa iwi paʻa ma lalo ona, e like me nā honu ʻē aʻe, akā ʻaʻole kēia ma nā ʻaoʻao o waho. ʻO ka māmā a me ka maʻalahi o ka pūpū o kēia mau honu e hiki ai iā lākou ke neʻe maʻalahi i ka wai ākea a i ʻole ma lalo o ka loko lepo. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pūpū palupalu e hiki ai iā lākou ke neʻe wikiwiki loa ma ka ʻāina ma mua o ka nui o nā honu. He ʻuwelewele ko lākou mau wāwae a he ʻekolu māiʻuʻu, no laila ka inoa ʻohana “Trionychidae," ʻo ia hoʻi "māiʻuʻu ʻekolu“. ʻO ke kala carapace o kēlā me kēia ʻano o honu ʻili palupalu e hoʻohālikelike i ke one a i ʻole ka waihoʻoluʻu lepo o kona ʻāina, e kōkua ana i kā lākou "e kali ana" ʻano hana hānai.

     Trionychidae he nui na ano e pili ana i ko lakou ola wai. Pono nā mea he nui i loko o ka wai i mea e ale ai i kā lākou ʻai. He elongated, palupalu, me he snorkel-like puka ihu. ʻAʻole like ka lōʻihi o ko lākou ʻāʻī i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka nui o ko lākou kino, e hiki ai iā lākou ke hanu i ka ea o ka honua aʻo ka waiho ʻana o ko lākou kino i loko o ka substrate. (ka lepo a one paha) he kapuai a oi aku malalo o ka ilikai.

     Fnā kāne Trionychidae hiki ke ulu a hiki i kekahi mau kapuaʻi i ke anawaena carapace, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā kāne; ʻO kēia ko lākou ʻano nui o ka dimorphism. Pelochelys cantorii, loaʻa ma Asia Hema, ka nui loa honu ʻili palupalu.

    The ʻO Ba Ba Gai (Pelodiscus sinensis, honu Pākē) he ʻano laha o honu ʻili palupalu he kamaaina ia Inner Mongolia, Guangxi, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Rūsia, Korea, Iapana, Vietnam (ke ʻano honu ʻōniʻoniʻo Pelodiscus variegatus).

    MʻO ka ost ka mea ʻai ʻiʻo, me nā meaʻai e pili ana i ka nui o nā iʻa, nā crustaceans aquatic, snails, amphibians, a i kekahi manawa nā manu a me nā mea momona liʻiliʻi. Wahi a Ditmars (1910): "ʻO nā ʻāʻī o nā ʻano ʻano he nui ka palena o waho o nā kaʻina hana ʻoki ikaika - nā ʻili alveolar o nā ʻauwae.", e kōkua ana i ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea paʻakikī e like me nā molluscs. He mea weliweli kēia mau āwae i nā honu nui, no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke ʻoki i ka manamana lima o ke kanaka, a i ʻole ko lākou lima.

    Snā pūpū hiki iā "ka hanu” ma lalo o ka wai me ka neʻe ʻana o ko lākou waha, he nui nā kaʻina hana i hoʻolako nui ʻia me ke koko, e hana like me nā filament gill i loko o ka iʻa. Hiki iā lākou ke noho ma lalo o ka wai no ka manawa lōʻihi.

Ba Ba Gai (Pelodiscus sinensis)

    The ʻO Ba Ba Gai (Pelodiscus sinensis, honu Pākē) he ʻano ʻano honu ʻili palupalu no Inner Mongolia, Guangxi, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Russia, Korea, Iapana, Vietnam (ka honu ʻili ʻili palupalu Pelodiscus variegatus).

    Pelodiscus sinensis nā honu ʻili palupalu noho i loko o ka wai hou a me ka wai paʻakai. ʻO kēia mau mea PALAPALA nā kuhukū aia ma nā muliwai, nā loko, nā loko, nā auwai, nā kahawai me ka lohi o ke au, nā pāpū, nā ʻauwai wai. Ba ba gai softshell turtles e hoʻokomo pinepine i ko lākou mau poʻo i ka wai. ʻO kēia no ka mea lawe lākou i kahi gene e hoʻopuka i kahi protein e hiki ai iā lākou ke hūnā i ka urea mai ko lākou waha. ʻO kēia hoʻololi ʻana e kōkua iā lākou e ola i loko o ka wai paʻakai ma o ka hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokuʻu i ka urea me ka inu ʻole i ka wai paʻakai. Ma mua o ka ho'opau 'ana i ka urea ma ka mimi 'ana ma ko lākou cloaca e like me ka hana a ka nui o nā kuhukukū, e pili ana i ka poho nui o ka wai, holoi wale lākou i ko lākou waha i ka wai.   

    These Ba Ba Gai he mea kino ka nui a me ke koena o ka i'a, crustaceans, mollusks, insects, anoano o na mea kanu marsh.

     Fnā kāne o ka ʻO Pelodiscus sinensis honu ʻili palupalu hiki ke piʻi i 33 cm (13 iniha) i ka lōʻihi o ka carapace, aʻo nā kāne liʻiliʻi a hiki i 27 cm (11 iniha), akā naʻe he lōʻihi nā huelo ma mua o nā wahine. Loaʻa ka oʻo ma kahi carapace lōʻihi o 18-19 cm (7–7.5 iniha). He mau wāwae pūnaewele no ka ʻauʻau. ʻO kēia mau mea Ba Ba Gai hiki ke oo i ke kino ma waena o 4 a me 6 makahiki. Pili lākou ma ka ʻili a ma lalo o ka wai. Na ke kāne e paʻa i ka ʻaoʻao o ka wahine me kona mau lālā mua a hiki ke nahu i kona poʻo, ka ʻāʻī, a me nā lālā. Hiki i nā wāhine ke mālama i ka sperm no kahi kokoke i hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope o ka hoʻopiliʻana. Hāʻawi nā wahine i 8-30 mau hua (ma kahi o 20 mm a i ʻole 0.79 iniha ke anawaena) ma kahi paa (ma kahi o 76–102 mm a i ʻole 3–4 iniha) a hiki ke waiho mai 2 a 5 mau lima i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Hoʻomoe ʻia nā hua i loko o kahi pūnana e kū ana ma ka puka. Ma hope o ka manawa incubation ma kahi o 60 mau lā, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi a i ʻole ka pōkole ma muli o ka mahana, ʻo nā hua. Ma kahi o 25 mm ka lōʻihi a me ka laula o ka carapace hatchling (1 ʻāpana). ʻAʻole i hoʻoholo ʻia ke kāne o nā hatchling e ka wela incubation.

Ba Ba Tron (Honu ʻāʻī ʻāʻī wattle)

     The Honu ʻāʻī ʻāʻī wattle (Palea steindachneri*), i ʻike nui ʻia ʻo ʻO ka honu ʻili palupalu a Steindachner, he mea pilikia Nā ʻano ʻano ʻĀsia o ka honu palupalu i ka? ohana Trionychidae. ʻO ka ʻano ka lālā wale nō o ka genus Palea. He kamaaina lākou Kina Hema Hema (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Yunnan), Laos, Vietnam. (* ʻO Franz Steindachner, he kanaka herpetologist ʻo Austrian).

     Phuikau steindachneri hōʻike i ka dimorphism wahine. Hiki i nā wahine o kēia honu wai maʻemaʻe a hiki i 44.5 knm (17.5 iniha) i ka lōʻihi carapace pololei, aʻo nā kāne wale nō i hiki i 36 knm (14 iniha). Eia naʻe, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka huelo kāne ma mua o ka wahine.

BAN TU THU
08 / 2022