TRADITIONAL LALERATURE a me ka ʻTSlelo ʻĀpili o VIETNAM - Mahele 2
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HUNG NGUYEN MANH
… E hoʻomau ʻia…
Nā kula martial arts & rula
ʻO martial martial martial hana o Vietnam i kūkulu pū ʻia i martial arts kula i ka mōʻī feudal.
No laila, inā ʻo nā palapala i kona wahi kūpono i ka hale aliʻi, ʻoihana kaua ua hoʻomohala ʻia i ka like ma ka moʻolelo Vietnamese o ke kaua a me ka maluhia. Kū mau nā kaua a ua lanakila ka martial arts. I kekahi manawa, hiki i nā martial arts mandarins ke hoʻololi i ka hale emepaea. ʻO Tran Quoc Tuan haohui me ʻO Hung Dao Vuong. ^ E Ha yM. He martial arts mandarin ʻaʻole wale ʻo Vietnam akā no ka honua nō hoʻi. Ua maopopo ia ʻo ia a kahua māla ka mea nāna i hoʻopau i ka manaʻo o ka noho aliʻi ʻana i ka honua o ka aupuni Mongolia. ʻO nā koa o kēia Wāwau kūloko hiki ke noho a hiamoe ma luna o ka lio i ka wā o nā hoʻouka kaua, e like me nā mea hoʻouka kaua. Ua lawe mai nā koa i ka moemoeā o ʻO Genghis Khan's, ʻo ia hoʻike kūlou nei i ka lā ma lalo o kona mau wāwae"I hiki i lākou ke hiki i ka pae ʻana i ko lākou mau lio ikaika.
Hoʻokumu ʻia ke ʻano haʻaheo e like me luna aʻe i ka mua o ka mōʻaukala o ke kanaka, e like me ke No nā aupuni Roma, a i ola aupuni a pau i ka mōʻaukala hou a me kēia wā, nā Na aupuni Nazi, i ʻike ʻia ka mōʻaukala o Vietnam.
Ma waho o nā mālaʻai a me nā kauhale, kahi i hoʻomālamalama ʻia ai ka manaʻo hakakā no nā kipi ʻana i nā kūʻē i nā ʻāina ʻē, ua nui heroine manaʻo. ^ E Ha yM. Pono mākou e haʻi i nā kumulāʻau ʻē aʻe me nā kōkua nui i ka kūkulu ʻana i ka ʻāina i loko o ka kahua kālaiʻāina o ka pilaleka Pōhaku.
E hoʻomālamalama mākou i ka wā mōʻaukala ʻAina ʻo Nguyen. Ua komo ke kaua koa Vietnamese a ʻōnaehana pae aʻoaʻo me nā hanana e hiki mai ana i Haku Trinh Cuong manawa.
- A martial arts kula ua wehe? ia i 1721 (the lua makahiki o Bao Thai, ʻo Le Trung Hung wā) a koho i ka giao thu (mandarins e mālama ma ka hoʻonaʻauao ma kekahi kūlanakauhale).
- Aia aku nei martial arts examinations i 1723 (4th makahiki ʻo Bao Thai) a ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia lākou i kēlā me kēia makahiki ʻekolu (like ia me nā hōʻike palapala).
ʻOkoʻa i kēia lā ʻahahui hana, Kaiāulu ʻohana feudal o ka wā kahiko ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo i ka papa inoa makahiki akā i kēlā me kēia makahiki ʻekolu me nā makahiki ʻokoʻa no palapala a me haiā. No ʻoihana kaua, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā hoʻokolokolo ʻana penei:
1. ʻOi No laila cu (Ka nānā ʻana i ka Hoʻonaʻāina kūloko): Hoʻonohonoho i nā kauhale o ke kūlanakauhale i nā makahiki o Mouse, Oihana, Kuk, Manu. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO nā mea i hele e loaʻa i Tao si diploma (like me ka papa kuikahi).
2. ʻOi Bac cu (Ka nānā ʻana i ka loaʻa nui nui): Hoʻonohonoho i ke poʻo nui e kiʻi iā Tao si (e like me ke kauka) ai nā makahiki o Aliʻi, Puka, Kukau, Goat. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka makahiki mua, ʻo ia ka makahiki o Goat, 1724, ma ke kahua ʻo Thinh Quang me nā kānaka he ʻumikumamākahi i manaʻo ʻia he hala.
I loko o nā makahiki 69 o ʻO Le Trung Hung era, he umikumamaiwa mau hulina me 199 kanaka si, I waena o lākou he 59 tao si xuat ma mua o (me ka hana moʻokalaleo hīnaʻi) a me 140 dong tao si xuat ma mua o (like a me ka hana moʻokalaleo hīnaʻi).
Ma Nguyen ʻana, ka 18th makahiki of ʻO Minh Mang (1837), aia he kānāwai hou.
ʻO ka emepera hai mai la ia "no ka mea, ʻaʻole i hoʻokō ʻia nā hoʻokolohua martial arts."No laila, hoʻonohonoho ka emepera i nā lula no ka hoʻokūkū, aia mau i lalo o nā rula o Le aliʻi wahine.
ʻO nā hoʻokūkū no nā poʻe he martial arts a me nā pūʻali koa xper science. Ua hoʻokūkū ʻia nā hoʻokūkū i kēlā me kēia mau makahiki ʻekolu ma o ka hoʻokalakupua mai nā martial arts i kapa ʻia ma ka hōʻike ʻana o nā moʻolelo. Hōʻike Huong (loiloi kūloko) ai na makahiki o na Leta, Monkey, Snake, Pig; a me ka keia hoʻi (hōʻikeʻike metropolitan) ai nā makahiki o Aliʻi, Ilio, pahualo, Goat.
Nui, i ka 6th makahiki o ʻO Thieu Tri alike (1846), ua ʻae ka emepera i hoʻokahi khoa (kāhea i ke ʻano loiloi ʻokoʻa khoa thi Vo kinh (Nā palapala hōʻike pūʻali koa) no nā nā mea koho a nā 'āina 31. ^ E Ha yM. Ua like pū ia me kahi Kāleka ʻO Dinh (nā hoʻokolokolo hoʻokolokolo).
Aia kekahi kūʻokoʻa i ka Nguyen diniani mai ka Le ʻana, ʻo ia ka hōʻole o ka hōʻike hōʻike (ka puʻuwai koa pūʻali) a ʻo ka nānā wale nō ma luna martial arts hana. ^ E Ha yM. Ma hope mai paha, ua lawe mai ka male martial Vietnam i ka "hana ʻino" i loko o ka noʻonoʻo o ka lehulehu.
Pono nā mākauka e hele i nā hoʻokolohua ʻekolu. ʻO ka hōʻike mua haulaha Ma ka lua o kahi hōʻike hoʻohana i nā limahana, pale kaua a ka hana ʻana i nā palapala hana martial. Ma ke kolu o ka hōʻike me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mele.
ʻO ke kolu o ka hoʻokolohua ka hōʻike hope loa no ka poʻe hiki ʻole i ka mea i hala. ʻAʻole hiki i ka hapa nui o nā moho ke kau i ka pahuhopu no ka pāpā ʻia ʻana nā kumulāʻau i nā pā liʻiliʻi e loaʻa ana i nā pā pana pono e hoʻomaʻamaʻa.
ʻO ka luna aʻe ke papa kūkā mua o ka hana hīmeni o ka Nguyen ʻana, ka mea i mālama ʻia ma ka kapikala e hoʻoilo kekelē vo cu nhan (koa kēkelē koa). I ka makahiki 1848, makahiki mua o Tu Duc, ua hoʻololi ʻia nā hoʻoponopono kānāwai. ʻAʻole i kū ka poʻe ʻelele i nā hoʻokolohua ʻekolu ʻekolu me ka ʻōlelo mau. Inā i hāʻule ʻole kekahi o kēlā mau ʻekolu, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia lākou e hoʻāʻo hou ʻia i loko o nā mahina ʻē aʻe.
I ka ʻekolu makahiki o Tu Duc (1850), ua loli hou ʻia nā hana hoʻokolokolo. Ua hele nā ʻelele i nā hoʻokolokolo mua ʻelua ma ke ʻano. Inā loaʻa iā lākou nā mea kiʻekiʻe loa, ua ʻae ʻia lākou e lawe hōʻike kolu a laila noʻonoʻo ʻia pass. Ka makahiki makahiki o Tu Duc (1851), i waiho aku ai ka emepera i na kulana elua. Vo hoi thi a ʻO lākou, a laila, ʻO Dinh. ^ E Ha yM. Inā loaʻa nā poʻe koho ʻike i ka hana i ka martial arts, hiki iā lākou ke kau inoa i ka cu nhan vo (martial arts bachelor hōʻike hōʻike). Inā lākou i maʻamau ka mālamalama akā ua kau ʻia ka ʻike loiloi, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻano lua wale no. Inā hoʻopaʻa inoa, loaʻa nā moho hoʻāʻo waha me ʻelima nīnau on ʻO nā puke ʻehā, Nā Manaʻo Koa a me nā palapala haʻawina kaulana i nā wā i hala a i kēia manawa. Inā hiki iā lākou ke pane pololei, e ʻae ʻia lākou e lawe ʻO kēia dinh. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka makana i kēia mau moho no he ban dien ban yen (ka makemake o ka mōʻī) a hāʻawi ʻia i kahi lio no ka vinh quy bai i (e hoʻi ana i ka home e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā kūpuna ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea hoʻonani haumāna) (Hōʻike 4), e like me ka moolelo thi dinh. Aia kahi kiʻi o Henri Oger i 1908-1909 e wehewehe ana i kahi kauka me ka lapaʻau e like me ke ʻano o ka Nguyen Kahawai. Eia, ʻaʻole hōʻike ke kiʻi i ke kiʻi o "ựa ông đi trước, võng nường theo sau"(he wahine opio i holo iluna i ka palandquin i hala e kana kane ma ka lio).
ʻIke mākou i ke kiʻi o ka kauka hale noho i ka home o ke kenekulia o ka makahiki, i ka honua Kina hoʻomaka ka hoʻohemo ʻana no laila ua hāʻawi ʻia lākou hae, papa, lio, a parasol.
Ka ʻāina hōʻike
ʻO kahi ʻāina hoʻonaninani he ʻāina ala ʻole, kahi e hoʻopuni ʻia ana e ka pā awi; aia nō he hale kiaʻi me nā hae ma nā kihi ʻehā; ma waho, he lāʻau lāʻau koʻikoʻi e pale aku i ka hoʻopilikia ʻana.
Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka wahi hōʻike i ʻehā mau wahi i kapa ʻia ʻo vi (ʻeleʻele) me ʻehā mau inoa inoa o ka mākaukau: tri, lepo, tai, luc [trí, dũng, tài, lực] (naauao, wiwo, naauao, ikaika). Ma mua o kēlā me kēia viʻa he pūʻū ʻekolu ʻekolu kiʻekiʻe a ua hoʻolako ʻia me nā pū. He mau balconies nā hale kiaʻi e nānā i nā wahi hōʻike holoʻokoʻa. Ma lalo iho he mau hale kaʻa no ka moho o nā moho. ʻAʻole ʻike mākou i ke kiʻi o nā kiʻi o nā hoʻokolokolo o ka martial arts akā naʻe, hōʻike ʻo H. Oger iā mākou i ka halelewa o ka palapala noiʻi i nā palapala (Figure 5).
'O ka hope, nā kēia huong [hing] (loiloi kūloko) i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no ka koho ʻana i kekahi helu kūpono no nā māla mele hīmeni.
Eia naʻe, kakaikahi wale nō mau moho i kākau inoa no ka tao si [Tạo sĩ] papa inoa i hiki ʻole i ka mōʻī ke hoʻopaʻa i ka lā hoʻi wau [hội] (hōʻikeʻike metropolitan). No laila, ua mālama ʻia ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana ma ke kapikala Hue [Hue] wale wale no. Eia nō kekahi, ʻaʻole i lawa nā luna kānāwai e kiaʻi i nā hoʻopaʻa ʻana. Eia nō kekahi, he uhane sectarian kekahi. ʻO ia ke kumu Tao si [Tạo sĩ] na ka loiloi wale nō no nā hua aliʻi. I Binh Dinh [Bīnh Định] a Hanoi [Hà Nội], ʻaʻohe papa inoa o tao si [Tạo sĩ].
Mai ia manawa mai, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia. Binh Dinh [Bīnh Địnhua lilo kaulana no ka inoa o ke kula hīmeni o cu nhan [cử nhân], tao si [Tạo sĩ].
Thi hoʻi [Thi hội] e like no kēia huong [hing] akā me nā kaupaona ʻē aʻe, 66 kilokilo no thi huong a me 72 kilograms no hoʻi wau [hội]. ʻOiai kahi o ka mamao no ka lawe ʻana i ka momona i thi huong he 64 mika a me 80 mau mika hoʻi wau [hội].
… KAʻIAHEA…
BAN TU THU
12 / 2019
E nana iA:
' TRADITIONAL LALERATURE a me ka ʻTSlelo ʻĀpili o VIETNAM - Mahele 1
' TRADITIONAL LALERATURE a me ka ʻTSlelo ʻĀpili o VIETNAM - Mahele 3