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HE HĀʻE WELI i lawe ai ʻo Farani i Vietnam ma 1857? - Pauku 1

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Andrew Dang

Kuauhau, ka ʻElua aupuni Farani (1852-1870)^[1] aole ia i lawe ia Vietnam i 1857. I kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ua holo maoli nō ke kipi 31 August 1858 at Tourane (I kēia lā ʻo ke kūlanakauhale ʻo ẵà Nẵng ma waena o Vietnam). He moʻolelo lōʻihi loa ma kahi o 30 mau makahiki o ke kaua a me ka hoʻokūkū, mai Đà Nẵng i ka 1858 a i Maluna o Huế ma 1884^[2], i ka manawa a “ua hoʻokaumaha” akula ʻo Vietnam i kona kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa. Aia aku nei nui na kuhihewa i ka mea i lilo i ka nalowale o ke kuokoa Vietnamese. Me kaʻu pane i kēia lā, koʻikoʻi nui wau i ke kau mua o 1858-1862, i ka wa Nā Kaila o Nguyễn me nā hana hewa ponoʻī aʻe ma hope aku ua hoʻohuli i nā manaʻolana a me nā lanakila o nā poʻe Vietnam e hele mai i kahi pōʻino mokuʻāina! (Kaumaha, akā ua hana ia)^[3].

**I. KE KAI HUA O TOURANE (1858-1860): He VIETNAMESE VICTORY**

I ka hoʻomaka, ma lalo o ka hae o "Pale aku i ka poʻe Katolika Vietnam hoʻomaʻau ʻia" ma lalo o ka hoʻomalu ʻana o ke Aliʻi Nguyễn, me nā kaua he 14 a me nā pūʻali koa Franco-Spanish ma lalo o ke kauoha kiʻekiʻe o ka Lanakila Charles Rigault de Genouilly (1807-1873)^[5], hoʻomaka lākou i nā hana huluhulu me nā pā koa o ka Vietnam āpau ma ka Pae o Đà Nẵng a Mauna Sơn Trà^[6]. ^ E Ha yM. Ma hope he hanana ʻana kēia hanana no ka mea kaulana Huakai o Tourane i loko o ʻelua mau makahiki e hiki mai ana (1858–1860), a i hope he huli a Ke lanakila o Vietnam.

Ua manaʻo ka Farani e kipi ka lehulehu Katolika Vietnamese e kūʻē i ka Dinuy Nguyễn ma kāna kapikala nui o Kūʻē Huế (aia ma kahi 100 paha mai kahi i noho ai ka Franco-Spanish i noho ʻia ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Đà Nẵng), aka, i loaa no ʻaʻohe Katolika Vietnamese ʻelua naunau e kōkua iā lākou. Ma ke kaua ikaika kekahi kaua ʻelua. Ma hope o Vietnamese Nui Lê Đình Lý (理, 1790 - 1858) make i ke kaua, ʻO Marshal Chu Phúc Minh no ka malama aku la ia alo a mahope mai lohoia e ke ʻO Marshal Nguyễn Tri Phương (知方, 1806-1873)^[7], nā mea i kaulana no nā paepae hoʻopilikia.

I ka poʻe Farani, a ma Đà Nẵng ka pūʻali hewa i ka hoʻoiho ʻia ʻana e ka pūʻali Vietnam. Ua lilo he nui ʻia o nā pūʻali koa i lilo i ola no nā hōʻeha kaua a me nā mea ʻino, e like me ka typhus. I ka makahiki 1859, ka wā e hiki mai ai ʻo Farani ʻO ka Admiral Théogène François ʻaoʻao (1807-1867), nāna i pani i ke kūlana o Rigault de Genouilly, i wehewehe i ke kūlana maoli ma Đà Nẵng ma kāna leka penei:

“Ua lilo au i alihikaua nui ma ka lā 1 Nowemapa 1859. He aha nā hoʻoilina i loaʻa iaʻu ma laila! Ua huki maoli wau i kahi kakalaioa kaulana mai ka wāwae o Rigault, akā e hoʻokuʻi iā ia ma lalo o koʻu mau kui ponoʻī. Ua hoʻolilo mākou he kanakolukūmālua miliona, a he aha ka mea i koe o ia? ʻO ke kuʻikahi me Kina i haehae ʻia e ke ahi pū, ma Canton kahi hana pūʻali koa i koi ʻia e lilo i mākaʻi o ke kūlanakauhale, ma Tourane [Da Nang], he hale hale ʻina maoli kahi i hala ai he tausani o kā mākou poʻe kāne i make i ka poino, ʻaʻohe kumu, ʻaʻohe kumu. "^[8]^[9]

Eia kekahi, ʻo ke kaua wela ma Chân Sảng Fort (a i ʻole Kien-Chan Fort) ke 18 Nowemapa 1859 ua kūʻai lilo i ke ola o Kaumana-Colonie Dupré-Déroulède, he mea waiwai nui ʻoihana Farani i waena o nā limahana poʻo a ʻo ka mea nāna i hoʻolālā ʻoi i ka hoʻouka kaua iā Đà Nẵng, i ka manawa i komo ai kahi cannonball Vietnamese i loko o kona kino. Eia, i ka lā 22 Malaki 1860, ua hoʻoholo ka Farani e hoʻopau i nā mea koa a lākou i hana ma Đà Nẵng a hoʻoneʻe i ko lākou mau pūʻali koa Saigon, kekahi o nā kūlanakauhale nui loa ma Vietnam.

**II. KA MANAWA O SAIGON (1859-1861): KA HANA KAHIKO '"WELI HALE"**

Ma ka manawa like me ka Siege o Tourane, ua wehe ka Farani i kahi mua i Southern Vietnam mai Pepeluali 1859, me nā Hoʻopilikia aʻe iā Saigon Citadel ma ka 17 Pepeluali 1859. Ma hope o kahi hoʻāʻo nui akā ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e hopu i ka ʻāpana holoʻokoʻa Kāui iā Gia Định ma ka lā 21 ʻApelila 1859, me ka nalowale o nā make he 14 i hōʻeha ʻia a me ka 31 i hōʻeha ʻia, ua ʻoki ka Farani i kā lākou hana a hoʻi hou i nā kūlana i noho ʻia ma luna. ^[13].

Eia naʻe, no ko lākou palena o ka lawelawe ʻana, hiki i ka poʻe Farani ke hoʻopaʻa i ka ʻāina i hoʻopio ʻia a puni ʻo Port of Saigon a me ke kūlanakauhale Kina o Chợ Lớn. Ua hoʻouna lākou i nā pūʻali koa hou i mua o Tourane a me ka hoʻomau ka hele ʻana ʻO ke Kaua ʻOpium ma Kina^[15]. ^ E Ha yM. I ka 1860, he 800 wale nō o nā pūʻali koa o Franco-Spanish ma ka wahi ʻo Saigon. Ua waiho mua ʻia ko lākou mau pūʻali koa ma lalo o ke kauoha a Kāpena ʻO Bernard Jauréguiberry (1815-1887)^[16], ma hope ua hoʻololi ʻia e ka luna ʻāpana Farani Jules dʻAriès (1813-1878).

Ma ka manawa, ua ʻākoakoa nā pūʻali Vietnam a hoʻomaka i kahi "hoʻopilikia" e kūʻē i nā pūʻali Wīwī a me Paniola ma Saigon no aneane ʻelua makahiki, mai Pepeluali 1859 a hiki i Pepeluali 1861. Eia nō naʻe he "hoʻopuni" maoli, a i ʻole kekahi ʻO ke kaua "phony" a Vietnam: Me ka ʻoi aku i nā pūʻali koa 10,000 a puni Saigon, Vietnam is maduyins o Nguyễn Dynasty i kūkulu wale i nā wahi pale me nā pā kaua wale nō, ʻaʻole i noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hewa i ka poʻe noho ʻana me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mana kiʻekiʻe i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me wale no 800 mau pūʻali koa Farani a me Sepania (komo pū me nā manikua Tagals)!

I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me ka Siege o Tourane, ʻokoʻa loa ka Siege o Saigon: ma Tourane a i ʻole Nẵng, he wahi liʻiliʻi wale nō kā ka Palani ma Sơn Trà Mountain mahalo i ke kulekele hoʻomālamalama honua a me nā hana hoʻopuni kūpono. Eia nō naʻe, ma Saigon ua hopu ʻo Palani i kekahi o nā awa nui loa o Vietnam, no laila ʻaʻole i hoʻohoka ʻia kā lākou ala hele. Eia kekahi, ua kāohi lākou i nā lawe laiki ma Vietnam Hema pū kekahi! Ma loko o ka "hoʻopuni" (1859-1861), ʻoi ke Pelekikena o Saigon ma lalo o ka noho ʻana o ko Farani e wehe hou ʻia ana, me nā moku kūʻai he haneli mai Kina, Kamboila a me Singapore hoʻi huakaʻi pinepine a i waho. I ka makahiki 1860, ua loaʻa ka Port o Saigon^[18]:

"Kanakeono-ʻeono mau moku a me 100 mau keiki kāne i hoʻouka i ka 60,000 tons o ka laiki i nā mahina ʻehā wale nō a loaʻa nā kālā he nui ma Hong Kong a me Singapore."

I ka wā o ka hoʻopilikia ʻana, ua launa pū nā kaiāulu Kina i Chợ Lớn me ka "mana hou" a Farani."Tân trào"), ʻaʻole i ka "moku kahiko" (“Kai ʻia”) o nā Kamali Nguyễn. ʻO ke kaua Farani ma Vietnam wale nō lākou i hana a waiwai a nui loa.

Kahi hiki ke ʻike ʻia me kēia ʻano o "hoʻopilikia", kahi "manawa gula" no ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā pūʻali kaua kuhio i Franco-Spanish, a ua hōʻole ʻia. Ma hope mai ua uku nui ʻo Nguyễn Dynasty no kā lākou hana hewa ʻana ma hope iho!

… KAʻIAHEA…

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Aupuni Palani ʻElua - Wikipedia

[2] Kuikahi o Huế (1884) - Wikipedia

[3] ʻO ka moʻokūʻauhau Nguyễn - Wikipedia

[4] ʻO nā lawena hōhā nui o Turane

[5] ʻO Charles Rigault de Genouilly - Wikipedia

[6] Kuahiwi Sơn Trà - Wikipedia

[7] Nguyễn Tri Phương - Wikipedia

[8] ʻAoʻao Théogène François - Wikipedia

[9] ʻO Théogène Francois ʻAoʻao a ʻo Louis de Gonzague Doudart de Lagrée e hoʻokomo i nā polytechniciens en Indochine

[10] Palani frigate Némésis (1847) - Wikipedia