Nā inoa o Vietnam

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    ʻO kēiaʻatikala e pili ana i ka inoa o ka 'oʻi ka' āina Vietnam. ^ E Ha yM. No nā inoa o ka poʻe ma Vietnam, ʻike Inoa Vietnam.

     Wiekanama ʻO ka hoʻololi o ʻO Nam Việt (Hawaiian Việt), he inoa hiki ke ʻoki ʻia i ka ʻO ka moʻokūʻauhau ʻo Triệu (ʻElua makahiki o BC, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Nanyue Kingdom).¹  Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka huaʻōlelo “Việt” ma ke ʻano he ʻano pōkole o ʻO Bách Việt, he huaʻōlelo i hoʻohana ʻia e kuhikuhi i kahi poʻe i noho ma ka hema o Kina i ka wā kahiko. I ka olelo "Wiekanama", Me nā ʻāpana i ke kaʻina o kēia manawa, ʻike mua ʻia i ke kenekulia 16 i kahi mele na Nguyen Binh Khiem. "Annam", Ka mea i hoʻomaka ma ke ʻano he inoa Kina i ka hiku mau kenekulia, ʻo ia ka inoa maʻamau o ka ʻāina i ka wā kolone. Mea kākau Nationalist Phan Bội Châu ola hou ka inoa “Vietnam"I ke kenekulia 20 mua. I ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā aupuni komunista a me nā anti-komunista i ka makahiki 1945, ua lawe koke lāua ʻelua i kēia ma ke ʻano he inoa aupuni ka ʻāina. I ka ʻōlelo Pelekania, hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻelua i hoʻokahi huaʻōlelo, “Vietnam. ” Eia naʻe,Wiekanama”Hoʻohana maʻa mau ia a hoʻohana mau ʻia e United Nations a me ke aupuni Vietnamese.

     Ma ka mōʻaukala, nui nā inoa i hoʻohana ʻia e pili ai Vietnam. ^ E Ha yM. Ma waho aʻe o nā inoa inoa inoa, he inoa inoa i hoʻohana ʻole ʻia e pili ʻole i ka ʻimi o ke Vietnam. Vietnam ua kāheaʻia ʻO Văn Lang i ka Hùng Vương Hoʻoponopono Âu Lạc i ka wā i aliʻi ai ʻo D Dāng, ʻO Nam Việt i ka wā o ka Triệu Dynasty, Vạn Xuân i ka wā o ka Anterior Lý Dynasty, I Cồ Việt i loko o ka mōʻī Đinh a me ka Laks o Lê mua. Hoʻomaka i 1054, ua kāhea ʻo Vietnam I Việt (Nui Vietnam).² I ka wā o ka moʻopuna Hồ, ua kāhea ʻia ʻo Vietnam Đại Ngu.³

Ke kumu o "Vietnam"

   ʻO ka hua'ōlelo "Việt"(ʻO ia) (Pākē: 越; pinyin: Yuè; Cantonese Yale: Yuht; Wade – Giles: Yüeh⁴; Vietnamese: Việt), Ua kākau mua ʻia ka ʻōlelo Kina waena ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka logograph “戉” no kahi koʻi (he ʻōpiopio), i ka iwi haʻi ʻōlelo a me nā keleawe keleawe o ka hope aliʻi Shang (c. 1200 BC), a ma hope ma ke ʻano "越".⁴ Ma ia wā ua ʻōlelo ia i kahi kānaka a poʻi paha i ke komohana komohana o ka Shang.⁵ I ke kenekulia 8 kenekulia BC, ua kapa ʻia kahi ʻohana ma ka waena o Yangtze ʻo Yangyue, kahi manawa i hoʻohana ʻia no nā poʻe ma ka hema.⁵  Ma waena o 7a a me 4 kenekulia ʻo BC Yue /Việt hāʻawi ʻia i ka Mokuʻāina ʻo Yue i ke kahawai ʻo Yangtze lalo a me kona poʻe.^4,5

    Mai ka makahiki 3 o SM ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia ai ka huaʻōlelo no ka poʻe no ka poʻe haole ʻaʻole hemahema i ka hema a me hema hema o Kina a me ka ʻākau Vietnam, me nā mokuʻāina a i ʻole nā ​​hui paha i kapa ʻia Minyue, Ouyue, Luoyue (Vietnamese: Lạc Việt), etc., a kāhea i ka Baiyue (ʻO Bách Việt, Pākē: ʻ; pinyin: Bǎiyuè; Cantonese Yale: Baak Yuet; Vietnamese: ʻO Bách Việt; "Haneri Yue / Viet"; ).^4,5  ʻO Baiyue /ʻO Bách Việt ka mea mua i loko o ka puke Lüshi Chunqiu hoʻopili ʻia a puni 239 SM.⁶

      In 207 BC, ʻo Qin dynastice general Zhao Tuo / Triệu Đà hoʻokumu i ke aupuni Nanyue /ʻO Nam Việt (Pākē: ʻ; “ʻO Yue Hema / Việt”) me kāna kapuna ma Panyu (kēia ʻO Guangzhou). He "hema" kēia aupuni ma ke ʻano aia ia ma ka hema o nā aupuni Baiyue e like me Minyue a me Ouyue, aia ma Fujian a me Zhejiang i kēia manawa. Ua ukali aku kekahi mau aliʻi Vietnamese i kēia nomenclature ʻoiai ma hope o ke komo ʻana o kēia mau lāhui ʻākau i Kina.

     In "Sấm Trạng Trình"(ʻO nā Wanana o Trạng Trình) a poeta Nguyen Binh Khiem (1491-1585) hoʻohuli i ke kaʻina kuʻuna o nā syllable a hoʻokau i ka inoa i kona ʻano hou: "Ke hana ʻia nei ʻo Vietnam" (ʻO Việt Nam khởi tổ xây nền).⁷ I kēia manawa, ua māhelehele ʻia ka ʻāina ma waena o ka ʻO Trịnh nā haku o Hanoi a me ka Nguyễn nā haku o Huế. Ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i kekahi mau inoa e noho nei, ʻO Nam Việt, Annam (Ke kiina Hema), I Việt (Nui ʻO Việt), a me "Nam quốc"('Hema Hema), Hiki iā Khiêm ke hana i kahi inoa hou i kuhikuhi i kahi mokuʻāina i hoʻohui ʻia i aspirational. I ka olelo "Nam”ʻAʻole pili hou iā Việt Hema, akā ʻoi aku Vietnam ʻo "ka Hema" i ka ʻokoʻa i Kina, "ka ʻĀkau".⁸  Hōʻike ʻia kēia wehewehe ʻana e Lý Thường Kiệt i ka mele "Nam quốc sơn hà" (1077): "Ma luna o nā mauna a me nā kahawai o ka Hema, nohoaliʻi ka mōʻī o ka Hema." Mea noiʻi Nguyễn Phúc Giác Hải ua loaʻa ka huaʻōlelo 越南 “Wiekanama”Ma nā steles he 12 i kālai ʻia i nā kenekulia 16 a me 17, e like me hoʻokahi ma Bảo Lâm Pagoda, Hải phòng (1558).⁸  ʻO Nguyễn Phúc Chu (1675-1725) i hoʻohana i ka huaʻōlelo i kahi mele: “ʻO kēia ka mauna weliweli loa i Vietnam"(Việt Nam hiểm ải thử sơn điên).⁹ Ua lilo ia ma inoa inoa o ka Emepera Gia Long ma 1804-1813.¹⁰  Ua hōʻole aku ka Emepera Jiaqing Gia LongNoi ke noi e hoʻololi i ka inoa o kona ʻāina i ʻO Nam Việt, a hoʻololi i ka inoa i kahi Wiekanama.¹¹  Loaʻa i kā Gia Long's'si Nam thực lục nā leka uila ma luna o ka inoa.¹²

   Ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo “Trung Quốc” 中國 a i ʻole ʻo ka 'Middle Country' ma ke ʻano he inoa no Vietnam e Gia Long i ka makahiki 1805.¹¹  ʻO Minh Mạng hoʻohana i ka inoa "Trung Quốc" 中國 e kāhea iā Vietnam.¹³  ʻO ka Vietnamese Nguyen Emperor Minh Mạng i hana hewa i nā lāhui like ʻole e like me Kambodians, i koi i ka hoʻoilina o Confucianism a me ko kā China moʻokūʻauhau Han no Vietnam, a hoʻohana i ka huaʻōlelo Han poʻe 漢人 e kuhikuhi i ka Vietnamese.¹⁴  ʻO Minh Mạng Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia "Pono mākou e manaʻolana e hoʻopau loa ʻia kā lākou ʻano barbarian, a e lilo lākou i mea maʻi i nā hana a Han [Sino-Vietnamese]."¹⁵ Ua kuhikuhi ʻia kēia mau kulekele ma ka Khmer a me nā ʻohana puʻu.¹⁶  ka Nguyen Ua ʻōlelo ʻo haku Nguyễn Phúc Chu i ka ʻōlelo Vietnamese ma ke ʻano he "Han people" i ka makahiki 1712 ke hoʻokaʻawale ma waena o Vietnamese a me Chams.¹⁷ Ua ʻone ʻia ka lole ʻa Kina i ka poʻe Vietnamese e nā Nguyễn.^18,19,20,21

    Ka hoʻohana ʻana o “Vietnam”Ua hoʻāla hou ʻia i kēia au e nā lāhui āpau Phan Bội Châu, nana i kana buke ʻO Việt Nam vong quốc sử (Moolelo o ka Loss o Vietnam) i paʻi ʻia ma ka makahiki 1906. Ua hoʻokumu pū nō ʻo Chau i ka ʻO Việt Nam Quang Phục Hội (Hui Hoʻolaha Vietnam) i 1912. no ka mea, ua hoʻomau ka hoʻohana nui o ka lehulehu Annam a me ka inoa “Vietnam”Noho ʻaneʻane ʻike ʻole ʻia a hiki i ka mutiny Yên Bái o 1930, i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e ka Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng (Hui Pūʻāina Vietnamese National).²²  Ma nā makahiki 1940 mua, ka hoʻohana ʻana o “Wiekanama”Ua pālahalaha. Ua ʻike ʻia ma ka inoa o Kulanauna Ho Chi Minh's Việt Nam Độc Lập Đồng Minh Hội (Viet Minh), hoʻokumu 1941, a ua hoʻohana ʻia e ke kiaʻāina o French Indochina i 1942.²³  ʻO ka inoa “Vietnam”He kūhelu mai ka makahiki 1945. Ua hānai ʻia ia i Iune e ʻO Bảo Đạike aupuni mōʻī o Huế, a i Kepakemapa e ke aupuni komunista hoʻokūkū ʻo Ho ma Hanoi.²⁴

Nā inoa'ē aʻe

• Xích Quỷ (鬼) 2879-2524 BC
• Văn Lang (文 郎 / ʻ .lelo) 2524-258 BC
• ʻU Lạc (雒 / Anak) 257-179 BC
• ʻO Nam Việt (ʻ) 204-111 BC
• Giao Chỉ (ʻ / 阯) 111 BC - 40 AD
• Lĩnh Nam 40–43
• ʻO Giao Chỉ 43-299
• Giao Châu 299-544
• Vạn Xuân (ʻ) 544-602
• Giao Châu 602-679
• Ke Kahiʻ) 679-757
• Trấn Nam 757-766
• He Anapo 766–866
• Hĩi Hảiʻ) 866-967
• ĐạĐạ liul瞿 越 越) 968-1054
• I Việt (越) 1054-1400
• ĐạĐạ Ngu (虞) 1400-1407
• Nami Nam (南)²⁵ 1407-1427
• Đại Việt 1428–1804
• Đế quốc Việt Nam (Aupuni o Vietnam) 1804-1839
• Đại Nam 1839–1845
• Hoʻokua (ʻO Tonkin, ʻO An Nam, Cochinchina) 1887-1954
• Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòaKuokoa Demokarata o Vietnam) 1945 - 1975
• Việt Nam Cộng hòa (Repubalika o Vietnam) 1954 - 1975
• Chính phủ Cách mạng Lâm thời Cộng hòa Miền Nam Việt Nam 1954 - 1974 (Nā Aupuni Repubalika o ke Aupuni Repubalika o South Vietnam)
• Hộa hãa Xã hủi Chủ nghĩa Việt Nam (Repubalika ʻepepila o Vietnam) 1975 - nayn nay

Nā inoa ma nā ʻōlelo ʻē aʻe

     I ka ʻōlelo Pelekania, nā ʻikepili Vietnam, ʻO Viet-Nam, a me Viet Nam ua hoʻohana pono ʻia. ʻO ka puke 1954 o Papa Wehewehe ʻlelelo Hou a Webster hāʻawi i nā ʻano i puʻina ʻole a me ka hyphenated; i ka pane ʻana i kahi leka mai kahi mea heluhelu, ua hōʻike nā mea hoʻoponopono i ka palapala i kālai ʻia Wiekanama ʻae ʻia nō hoʻi, ʻoiai lākou i ʻōlelo ai no ka ʻike ʻole o Anglophones i ke ʻano o nā huaʻōlelo ʻelua e hana ana i ka inoa Vietnam, "ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha" no ka mea he kuhi ka waiho ʻana i kahi.²⁶ I ka 1966, ua ʻike ʻia ke aupuni US no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mana ʻekolu a pau, me ka ʻoihana o ka mokuʻāina i makemake i ka mana hyphenated.²⁷ Ma o 1981, ua ʻike ʻia ke ʻano hyphenated ma ke ʻano he "lā", e like me ka mea kākau o Sikotia ʻO Gilbert Adair, a ua poʻo inoa ʻo ia i kāna puke e pili ana i nā kiʻi o ka ʻāina i ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni e hoʻohana ana i ka palapala kīnā ʻole a me ka unspaced "Vietnam".²⁸

    ʻO ka inoa China kahiko no Vietnam (Pākē: 越南; pinyin: Yuènán) hiki ke unuhi ʻia ma ke ʻano he "Beyond the South", ke alakaʻi nei i ka ettyology a ka poʻe i kuhikuhi ʻia i ka wahi o ka ʻāina ma ʻō aku o nā palena hema o Kina. Ua wehewehe kekahi kumumanaʻo i kapa ʻia ka lāhui e like me ia i mea e hoʻokūpaʻa ai i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka poʻe i noho ma Kina i ka ʻokoʻa i ka poʻe e noho ana ma Vietnam.²⁹

  Ua kamaʻilio ka poʻe ʻenua a me ka Korean i Vietnam e kā lākou mau huaʻōlelo Sino-Xenic i mau ʻ characterslelo Kina no kona mau inoa, akā ua hoʻololi ʻia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kope phonetic pololei. Ma Iapana, e hahai ana i ke kuokoa o Vietnam nā inoa Annan (ʻ) a me ka ʻEtsunan (越南) ua hoʻopili nui ʻia ma ka unuhi phonetic Betonamu (ト ナ ム), kakau ana i kope katakana; akā naʻe, ʻike ka mea kahiko ma nā hua ʻōlelo hoʻohui (eg 越, "Kahi kipa i Vietnam").^{30, 31} I kekahi manawa ua hoʻohana ke Kuhina o ko nā ʻāina ʻē ʻo Iapana i kahi pela pela ʻO Vietonamu (ヴ ィ エ ト ナ ム).³¹ Pēlā nō, ma ka ʻōlelo Kōlea, e kūlike me ke ʻano i ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ka hanja, ka inoa i loaʻa iā Sino-Korea Wollam (ʻ, Ke heluhelu a ka Pake 越南) ua pi) i Beteunam (Holo holo) ma Kōlea Hema a ʻO Wennam (ʻ) ma ʻĀkau Komohana.^32,33

… Hōʻano hou…

BAN TU THU
01 / 2020