Nā manaʻo no nā kānaka KAHAKAʻO - nā hopohopo no ka HANOHOLU - Mahele 1

Hits: 445

HUNG NGUYEN MANH ¹

     kekahi o HENRI OGERHōʻike nā sketches i kahi kihi o ka mākeke nui ʻaʻole naʻe ia Makou. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻoholo ʻia ka pou mākeke me ka inoa o ka mea hana kiʻi a me kāna wahi hānau. "Kaʻāina ʻo Gia Lộc, kauhale ʻo Thạch Khôii, ʻo ke komohana ʻo Thanh Liễu - Nguyễn Văn Đảng". Aia ma ka ʻākau nā hale kūʻai no nā iʻa a me nā mea kanu a me nā mea kūʻai aku e kūʻai aku i ka soy a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻē aʻe a i ka hema he mau hale kūʻai no ka puaʻa a me ka bipi, ka lepo honua, nā waihona Combs a me ka raiki

    I ka hala o ka makahiki, e lilo hou ana nā ala o ke kūlanakauhale a ikaika a wīwī nā mākeke e ulu a piha loa. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia kahi ʻano kānaka: "Kīwī e like me ka mākeke ʻo Tết!". ʻAʻole ia he mea hoʻohuli! Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole ka ʻike wale ʻia ka lewa ʻo ka Tết o nā pākeke akā i waena o nā keiki. ʻO nā keiki o nā makahiki ʻokoʻa e hahai ana kekahi i kekahi ma nā hui e kū ana i nā mākeke ʻo Teát i nā lā hopena o ka makahiki.

    Inā mālama ʻia ka mākeke o ka mahina ma ka lā 26 a me ka mau lā 27 a laila i kēia manawa e kū mau ana a hiki i ka lā 30th e nui loa no nā keiki e hele nei e kūʻai no nā kiʻi, nā mea puhi ʻala, nā mea pāʻani a me nā kinenona. (Fig 1) Ua hoʻohua ʻia kēia mākaukau me ke ʻano o ka Tết i mea hauʻoli.

 He ʻano ʻano like ʻole: ka mākeke hāmama i mālama ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā a piha i nā mea kūʻai, nā mākeke kūikawā i mālama ʻia i nā ʻoliʻoli a i nā midmonth a i hoʻokahi manawa hoʻi i ka makahiki. O ka Hōʻai pua ʻo Hanoi, ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ua hele maikaʻi ʻia ma hope o kēia kenekulia a i ʻole ma ka hopena o ka Lē ka m «a o ka Nguyễn dinasties, hoʻonohonoho ʻia i hoʻokahi manawa i hoʻokahi makahiki. E mau ana kēia mākeke no nā hebedoma akā ua lilo loa ia i ka minamina mai ka wanaʻao a i ke kakahiaka o ka pule hope loa a hiki i ka makahiki hou. Ke kūʻai aku nei nā ʻano pua a me nā mea kanu a me nā mea hoʻonaninani me nā kumquat a me nā iʻa gula. Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻo Hanoians e kapa iā ia ka mākeke peach. Mālama ka mākeke ma ka maʻamau Hàng Lược alanui, alanui moe o ka Tô Lịch Muliwai: "Ma ka hea ka Ka muliwai Tô holo maloʻo? Pehea kau e helu ai i nā pua peach ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka mākeke pua? ”

    Kūʻai ʻokoʻa e mālama ia i ʻeono mau mahina ma kahi kūloko. E hahai ana nā kauhale i kahi ʻōlelo i ʻāpono ʻia: Hoʻolālā ʻia ke mākeke ma kēia kauhale i ka lā 1 a me ka lā 6, ma kēlā kauhale i ka lā 2 a me 7 ka lā, ma kekahi, kauhale ma ka lā 3^rd a i 8, a i kekahi i kekahi a i ka lā 4 a me 9 paha, a pēlā aku.

    Inā kūʻai pinepine ʻia kahi mākeke ma ka lā 1st a me 6th lā a laila ka lā mua loa e wehe no nā ʻẾ aia ka manawa ma ka lā 26 o ka mahina 12. Inā kūʻai ʻia kahi mākeke ma ka 4, 9 a i ʻole 5 a i 10-lā lā, nona ʻẾ e hāʻule ka hālāwai ma ka lā hope loa o ka makahiki lunar, ʻo ia ka lā 30 a i ʻole ka 29 lā ((XNUMX)i loko o kahi 29 lā) o ka ʻumikumamālua ʻumikūmālua.

    ma ka ʻO ka mākeke ʻoʻa, makemake nā mea mālama hale kūʻai e kūʻai aku i kā lākou mau waiwai a pau i nā mea kūʻai aku. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka mākeke ʻo Tết ʻaʻohe wahi no ka kālepa a i ʻole ka loli kalepa a me ke kala ʻana, akā no nā pilina a me nā ʻike e pili ana, ʻo ia hoʻi ma nā kuahiwi.

    ʻElia lā he mau lā no nā hana hoʻokele waiwai, moʻomeheu a me nā hana hoʻolauleʻa… no ka loli o ke ʻano ke hoʻopoina kekahi i nā pilikia ma nā māla a me nā milpa. ʻO nā mākeke ma nā wahi haʻahaʻa ʻaʻole ia ka wahi no nā kaikamahine a me nā keikikāne e like me ka hihia me nā mākeke kiʻekiʻe i ʻike ʻia nā lole kuʻuna, nā umbrellas a me nā hulahula lehulehu o nā lāhui liʻiliʻi e like me ka Thái a me Mèo. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke ʻike ʻia kahi hoʻopā o kēia ma o ka folksong:

"I ka manawa o ka mākeke ma waena o Yên Quang.

Ma ke aloha pua, e kali wau e kūʻai i nā pua wale mai iā ia"...

    Kūʻai kainga i nā wā kahiko kahiko mau ʻia nā kahe i loko o nā loko wai a i ʻole nā ​​loko i ka welau a i ʻole i ka puka kauhale a i ʻole ma kahi ākea nui. I kekahi manawa ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma lalo o nā lālani o nā kumulāʻau nui a i ʻole ke hele ʻana i ka waʻa moku. ʻO ia ke kumu i kapa ʻia ai "Chợ búa"(chợ: mākeke a me búa: pae pae no nā waʻa, ma ka ʻōlelo Vietnamese kahiko).¹

    I kēlā me kēia kūlana, e noho ana nā mākeke i nā wahi no ka kūʻai aku a kūʻai. ʻO Henri Oger hoʻolako iā mākou i kahi kiʻi o kahi mea lawehala e hele nei i ke kālepa (Fig.2). Pono e uku ʻia ka nānā ʻana ʻaʻole i ka umbrella āna e paʻa ai ma lalo o kona ʻūlima akā i kona mau lima i kēia manawa e hāpai ana i nā mea he nui ... A ʻo ka mea kokoke iā ia kahi kāne mahiʻai i kūʻai mai i kekahi mau mea liʻiliʻi (Fig.2).

    Ma waena o ka poʻe e hele nei i ka mākeke ma nā lā Tết, aia kekahi poʻe e huki wale ana a hauʻoli i nā hanana leʻaleʻa a i ʻole ka lawe ʻana i nā ʻōlelo a me nā kamaʻilio ʻōlelo ʻole, akā hopohopo ka hapa nui o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. Mālama i kēlā me kēia ʻohana, ma ke kūlana kālā a ma luna o ke ʻano ākea, a ma ke ʻano o ka makahiki a i ʻole ka wahine, ʻokoʻa paha ke kūʻai ʻana.

    ʻO nā luahine kahiko, he ʻokoʻa ke kipa ʻana aku i nā mākeke a me nā kumukūʻai kani ke kūʻai aku i nā betel (Fig.3), nā māka ʻokiʻoki, nā mea ʻōpala, nā pua, nā pōpiki a me nā mea hoʻomohala. E pili ana i ka ʻelemakule, ʻo ka mea mua a lākou e mālama ai ko lākou ʻano maʻamau i ke kāʻei iā lākou i kā lākou kāhiko, i kā lākou mau lole keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo me nā puʻupuʻu pololei, nā pāpale, a me ke kapa ʻana i nā ʻaina o Gia Định kāmaʻa i loaʻa iā mākou kahi manawa e nānā ai ma hope. ʻAʻole e like me nā luahine kahiko, hopohopo nā ʻelemakule hou i kahi ʻāpana hou o nā ʻāpana distich, kahi wai momona a me nā mea ʻala ʻono o ka ʻona ʻaina palaka, kahi ʻeke kīʻaha pālea, a me nā ʻaina kōpī me nā ʻāpana o ka luna e hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ia ka " lāʻau o ka kūpuna "a hōʻike ʻia ma ke kuahu.

    E pili ana i nā kaikamāhine ʻōpio, ke hele mālie nei lākou e kipa aku ana i nā hale liʻiliʻi, kūʻai lākou i ke aniani, kahi kuʻi, kahi kihikahi a i ʻole kahi ʻeke silika e lilo i ke kāʻei, a ʻo ka mea nui, he nahe kālā e like me ka kaulahao. ʻAʻole poina iā lākou e kūʻai i nā lau coriander a me kekahi "hương bài"(he ʻano mea ʻala) nā aʻa e ʻauʻau i ka pau ʻana o hoʻokahi makahiki. ʻO nā keiki i nā mea noise loa - like lākou me kahi pūpū pi e waiho ana i kā lākou punana.

    Me ka hui pū ʻana me ko lākou mau kūpuna a mau mākua paha lākou e kamaʻilio ai, ʻakaʻaka, e noi ana i kekahi mea a i kekahi mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea ʻono a me nā popo a me nā mea pāʻani. Ke hāʻawi ʻia i kahi holoholona laiki kāpili palaoa me ka ʻohe e hana i kahi kani leʻaleʻa a hauʻoli hoʻi o ka puʻupuʻu, e pāʻani lākou me ia no kahi manawa a laila i kekahi manawa e ale wale iā ia. I kekahi manawa, hoʻāʻo lākou e noi no kekahi mau mea porcelain ma ke ʻano he ipuhao, kapuahi, honu a i ʻole simpleton ...

    E noi paha lākou i nā kiʻi, nā mea paina ahi a i nā lālā hinamona e like me kā mākou i ʻōlelo ai ma mua. Hoʻohui pū ʻia me ka lehulehu ka noho mālie, hūnā maikaʻi ʻia, a me nā lole ʻeleʻele akahai o nā pāpale. ʻO ke akahai o kēlā mau lole ʻeleʻele me he mea lā e hele a makaʻu. Me kēia mau puʻupuʻu, ʻo nā mea e pono ai nā pepa joss, nā lāʻau joss, cone truncated o ka raiki lāiki, ka laiki kāwili, ka pī, ka sesame, nā lau, ka aila, ka paʻakai ...

    Ma waho aʻe, aia nō kahi papa kāne kāne, ʻelemakule a me nā ʻōpio i ke ʻano koʻikoʻi a i ʻaʻahu ʻia i nā kapa komo a me nā pālule e hele wale ana i nā hale kūʻai e kūʻai aku nei i nā mea i mālama ʻia no nā haumāna Confucian a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻimi a kūʻai wale aku i nā mea e like me nā pale maikaʻi o ka pepa kiko , kekahi pepa pepa pepa pua, kekahi pepa ... a me kekahi brushes a me kekahi mau lāʻau o ka ʻīnika ʻInia.

    Eia nō naʻe, ʻike ʻia nā mea kūʻai aku a kūʻai aku i kēia manawa e hoʻokō ai i nā koi o ka poʻe e hoʻolauleʻa ai i ka ʻahaʻaina ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻia i nā mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna aʻe nei, no ka mea aia wale nō nā ʻano meaʻai like ʻole. E hoʻomaka ana me nā lau maranta ʻōmaʻomaʻo i hōʻike ʻia i nā wahi āpau ma ke alanui. Huli mai nā ʻano laiki like ʻole, mai ka nui pā i ka laiki, ka nui o ka pulupulu, a me nā ʻano iʻa like ʻole e like me ka laiki ʻumi aono.ʻano ʻano laiki ʻole) ... akā nānā pinepine ka poʻe i ka laiki ʻai nui a me kāna pua melemele a me kāna palaoa laiki momona, e pili ana i ka laiki momona, ʻaʻole nui ka poʻe e noʻonoʻo e kūʻai.

… E hoʻomau ʻia ma ka ʻāpana 2…

KA MANAʻO:
¹ Ua'ōlelo ʻo HUNG NGUYEN MANH, Kauka o Phylosophy ma ka mōʻaukala.
² Wahi a TRẦN QUỐC VƯỢNG - LÊ VĂN HÀO - DƯƠNG TẤT TỐ - ʻO nā mea mōʻaukala Vietnamese - (ʻO nā puna wai a me nā kuʻuna Vietnamese kuʻuna) - Hanoi, Hale Publishing Culture, 1976, pp. 95-98.

BAN TU THU
01 / 2020

KA MANAʻO:
◊ Kumu: Hui Kūʻai Vietnam Vietnam - Makahiki Nui - Asso. Prof. HUNG NGUYEN MANH, Kauka o Phylosophy i ka mōʻaukala.
Ban Ua hoʻonoho ʻia ʻo Ban Tu Thu e nā kiʻi kikokiko a me nā kiʻi sepia. ma kahi o ka mea

E nana iA:
'  Mai Sketches i ke kenekulia 20 mau a me nā hana maʻamau a me nā hoʻolauleʻa.
'  ʻO ka hōʻailona o ka huaʻōlelo “Tết”
'  Hōʻike Manaʻo Hou Hou
'  Nā hopohopo o ka poʻe i hāʻawi ʻia - Nā hopohopo no KITCHEN a me Cakes - ʻĀpana 2
'  Vietnam New Year Lunar - vi-VersiGoo
◊ etc.