KEKAHIʻI o ka poʻe ANNAMESE - Ke hoʻolauna nei i ka papa o nā palapala - Mahele 2
Hits: 710
HUNG NGUYEN MANH
Polofesa ʻĀina, Kauka o ka mōʻaukala
ʻAʻohe inoa: He lio kaahele i kauhale o ke kulanui
Peni inoa: Pāle
… E hoʻomau aku…
2.1 Nā inoa kūpono o ka mea kākau o ka hana & Nā palapala paʻi
2.1.1 He noiʻi noiʻi kēia: "Nā loea o ka poʻe Annamese by ʻO Henri Oger" nā palapala i ʻākoakoa ʻia ma Midland o North Vietnam, ʻoiai Hanoi i nā makahiki 1908-1909.
2.1.2 Ua maopopo ka hana holoʻokoʻa ma lalo o nā ʻano paʻi ʻelua:
a. ʻO kahi ʻāpana puke "Kūkala Nui i ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o ka loea o ka poʻe Annamese" (1) - He essay e pili ana i ke ola material, nā hana noʻeau a me nā ʻoihana o nā poʻe o Annam.
b. Aia kekahi album e loaʻa ana ma luna o ka 4000 paincut paintings "Ke ʻano o ka Annamese" (2) kāhea ʻo Henri Oger i kēia: "He Encyclopaedia o nā mea hana a pau, nā pono hana, a me nā mea āpau o ke ola a me nā mea hana a ka Tonkinese Annamese".
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(1) HENRI OGER - Hoʻolauna nui i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka ʻenehana o ka poʻe Annamese - Ka moʻolelo no ke ola waiwai, nā hana noʻeau a me nā ʻoihana a nā poʻe o Annam - Geuthner, Waihona puke a me Lunahooponopono. Nā mīkini paʻi ʻo Jouve lāua ʻo Co. - nā luna hoʻoponopono - Palisa.
(2) ʻO HENRI OGER - Ke ʻano hana o ka poʻe Annamese - He Encyclopedia o nā mea kani, nā mea hana, a me nā hana āpau i ke ola a me nā hana lima o ka poʻe Tonquinese-Annamese - Pepa o ka lā Indochina Farani -114 Jules Ferry St. - Hanoi.
Fig.15: Hoʻolauna lehulehu i ke aʻo ʻana i ka ʻenehana O KA POE ANNAMESE - He moʻolelo no ka kumu, nā hana a me nā ʻoihana hana o ka poʻe o ka makahiki e HENRI OGER
2.2 Nā kikoʻī e pili ana i nā puke i kuleana ʻia "NĀ KAHIWAHI MAKAHI I KA ʻenehana NA NAHU ANNAMESE. (F. 15)
2.2.1 ʻO kēia kahi puke o nā puke i kākau ʻia ma ka ʻōlelo Farani e Oger a paʻi ʻia ma Palisa i 200 kope. Loaʻa nā ʻaoʻao 159 i kēlā me kēia o lākou (Ua hewa ʻo Oger i ka hoʻomau ʻana ma ke ʻano he 156 mau ʻaoʻao), a me 32 mau kiʻi. Ma waena o nā ʻaoʻao 156, 79 o lākou e pili ana i nā ʻano hana, hōʻike, paʻi ʻana, nā hana ʻōiwi a me nā hana o kēlā me kēia lā; 30 hana me nā papa kuhikuhi e pili ana i nā hana laulā, ʻenehana chine, nā pāʻani, (ika. 16) a me nā mea pāʻani, he 40 o ia mau mea i nā ʻike a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o kēlā me kēia o nā papa i loko o ka Album a me nā mea kikoʻī.
Fig.16: KA LOA I LOA I PIG (Ke pāʻani a nā keiki o ka hopu ʻana i ka puaʻa).
Ke kū nei nā keiki i ka pōʻai me kekahi o lākou e hana ana e like me ka puaʻa.
kekahi e like me ka tiger ma waho
2.2.2 I ka ʻāpana e hoʻolauna ana i nā hana lima ʻōiwi - kahi ʻāpana o nā mea nui o ka puke - ua wehewehe ʻo Henri Oger i kekahi mau hana e like me ka hana lacquer, ka humuhumu ʻana, ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ka makuahine o ka momi, ke kālai lāʻau, ka hana pepa a me nā hana hana ʻē aʻe, i manaʻo ʻia e ʻOger e like me ke kumu mai i ka pepa e like me: parasol a me ka hana ʻana a fan, nā kiʻi kala, ka paʻi puke ʻana. A laila hana ʻo H.Oger i kekahi mau "Nā 'ohana kūloko" e like me ka hale kūkulu hale, ka halihali, ka ulana lole (ika. 17), ka lole, ka pena ʻana, ka ʻoihana meaʻai, ka hana laiki, ka hana ʻana i ka palaoa laiki, ka lawaiʻa ʻana a me ka hana paka pū kekahi…
Fig.17: KAWAHALO
2.2.3 ʻO ka hana ʻana me nā hana lima ʻōiwi, ua nānā ʻo H.Oger a nānā pono i ka maka ʻenehana. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻo ia i kēlā me kēia hana, kēlā me kēia neʻe, kēlā me kēia meahana o nā mea kani, a ua ʻōlelo ʻia e pili ana i nā mea, ka maikaʻi, nā kumuhana, nā kūlana hana, ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huahana, a me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā huahana o Iapana, Kina… I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, ua hoʻonui ʻo H.Oger i ka ola. o nā hana lima he nui i kēlā manawa ma o kāna ʻike pilikino i hiki ʻole ke alo aʻe i ke ʻano kumumanaʻo, a ua hōʻea i nā loiloi maʻamau e pili ana i ka lawelawe ʻana i ke ʻano o ka nohoaliʻi Farani. E heluhelu i kekahi o kēia mau wehewehe:
a. “He nui nā mea nānā e noho ana ma Annam e kākau pinepine i loko o kā lākou papa inoa ʻa ka huakaʻi: ua aneane pau loa nā ʻoihana a puni ka Annam. A ua ʻāpono pinepine ʻia mākou: ʻo mākou (ʻo ia hoʻi ka Wīwī) ʻaʻole pono e hoʻowahāwahā i ka waiwai o nā mea hana loea a ka poʻe makemake i ka hoʻolaha ʻana ma kēia ʻāina.
b. Ua nānā ʻo Oger. “ʻAʻole pono ke alakaʻi i ka māla Vietnamese i kahi ola paʻakikī i ka makahiki, ʻo ka manawa ʻē lākou i nā lā ʻoluʻolu. I kēia mau lā leʻaleʻa, e hōʻuluʻulu ka poʻe mahiʻai a hana e like me nā ʻāpana o nā limahana (ika. 18) a ʻo nā huahana i hana ʻia e lilo i kumukanawai kālā hiki ʻole i nā mea kanu laiki ke lawe mai no lākou, ʻoiai me ke ʻano o ka palu Indochinese ”.
Fig.18: ʻO LACQUER CRAFTMAN's PANAʻO
c. He aha ke ʻano o nā mea hana? Wahi a H. Oger: "ʻElua mau wahi i hana ʻia: hana nā limahana i ka home no ka mea limahana, a ua hele kēia limahana i nā hale o nā limahana e ʻohi i kā lākou huahana."
d. ^ E Ha yM. Ma kekahi mokuna maʻa ʻo H. Oger i kākau:
"ʻO Vietnam kahi ʻāina e hoʻopuka ai i ka nui o ka pena, a nani maoli ke kiʻi i ka North. No laila, uhi ʻia nā ʻōnaehana maʻamau i kēlā me kēia lā i kahi pale o ka pena, pale iā lākou e pale i ka wela koʻikoʻi e hoʻonā ʻia ai nā lāʻau lāʻau (ika. 19). ʻAʻole kūpono ia i ka paʻi kiʻi no ka hoʻohana ʻana i uka, akā loaʻa nō hoʻi ia i loko o nā nui he nui no nā mea kūʻai nui ma Canton e hoʻopuka i ko lākou ʻāina.
Kaulana19. LACQUERWARE
e. Ke hoʻomau nei i ka manaʻo o ka lacquerware vietnamese i kēlā manawa, manaʻo ʻo Oger e: “ʻAʻole maikaʻi ʻoiaiʻo ka hana lacquering o Vietnam e like me ka ʻōlelo a Iapana. Hoʻonohonoho wale ka poʻe Vietnam i kahi pā o ka peʻeu hoʻolaʻa kūikawā ma luna o nā mea lāʻau a i ʻole nā mea kanu, i nīnū mua ʻia, a hoʻohana i ka pālala maikaʻi e huki ai i nā hemahema, a kūʻai aku i nā huahana lacquer i ka poʻe ʻilihune. No kēlā kumu, ua uhi pinepine ʻia nā mea i uhi ʻia e kēlā ʻāpana o ka peʻa.
f. Ke pili pū nei me ke kumuhana hoʻokalakupua, manaʻo ʻo Oger ua kākī wale ka vietnamese lacquerer mai ʻO nā "Sino-Vietnamese hōʻailona" e like me ka mea hoʻopili, "aia nō ma kona wahi he nui nā kumuhana i lawe ʻia mai Kina kahi i hoʻohui maikaʻi ʻia". ʻO ka mea hope, manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo Oger e hoʻāʻo ana ka lacquerer vietnamese e ʻimi i nā kumuhana hou "Mai nā kūpuna mai i nā ʻohana, hāʻawi lākou i kekahi i kekahi kumu he nui i ʻike ʻia e kekahi mau mea hana i ʻike ʻia ma mua."
Ma kekahi mokuna ʻē aʻe, hiki iā mākou ke ʻike ua nānā nui ʻo Oger i nā ʻano hana like ʻole a me nā ʻōhua ...
g. "ʻO ke kāʻei hamika kahi ʻano maʻalahi e hoʻokō. ʻO kēia kahi kikoʻī ʻehā i hana ʻia o ka bamboo.ika. 20). Kau ʻia ma luna o nā moena hoʻomoana ʻelua, a e hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻāpana kilika iā ia. Hoʻopaʻa ka poʻe i ka ʻāpana silika me nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi i ʻōwili ʻia a puni ka pahu ʻohe. E pili ana i ke ʻano humuhumu, ua huki ʻia ia ma ka pepa annamese, kahi ʻano o ke kukui a me ka pepa maikaʻi. Kau ʻia ke kumu ma luna o kahi kū ʻohe ākea, a pālahalaha kekahi ma luna ona i kahi ʻāpana pepa laiki a i ʻole kahi ʻāpana kilika. Ke hoʻohana nei i kahi palaki peni, hoʻololi ka mea humuhumu i ke kumu hoʻohālikelike ma ka ʻāpana silika. Ma ka mokuna loaʻa ʻoiaʻiʻo e pili ana i ka mea pena kiʻi e hana ana i nā kiʻi pena kanaka Annamese, e hui hou mākou (ʻo ia ka Palani) me kēlā hana akamai e hiki ai i kekahi ke hoʻohua mau loa.
Kahi.20: EMBROIDERY HANAʻO
h.“Ka hana o ka embroer (ika. 21) koi hou aku i ka luhi a me ka moiling a me ka dexterity ma mua o ka ʻike. No kēlā kumu hoʻolimalima pinepine kekahi i nā kāne ʻōpio a wahine paha, a i kekahi manawa nā keiki e hana i ka hana. ʻO ka hana e hana ʻia ai ka hana hou ʻana i ka hoʻolālā me nā pae kala like ʻole. Noho ka mea humuhumu i mua o ke kiʻikuhi, me kona mau wāwae i hohola ʻia ma lalo o ia. Mālama ʻo ia i ke kui kele ma luna o ka ʻāpana silika a huki paʻa ʻo ia i ka pae i ʻae ʻole ʻia nā kiko. ʻO kēia ka mea e mālama ai i ka humuhumu ʻana i ke ʻano maikaʻi a mau hoʻi. Aia ma kona ʻaoʻao kahi kukui, no ka mea, pono ʻo ia e hana i ke ao a me ka pō e hui me nā kauoha he nui.
Kahi.21: AN KEIKI Hūʻ EMlelo
ʻO kēia kukui (ika. 22) aia i loko o kahi pahu kiko 2-keneta i piha me ka aila, aia ma ke kiko waena kahi wick. Hana ka mea humuhumu vietnamese ma lalo o kēia kukui ʻōniʻoniʻo loa a pilau. No kēlā kumu, maʻalahi ke ʻike ʻaʻole loaʻa iā mākou kahi ʻelemakule e hana nei i mea humuhumu - ʻoiai e hoʻolimalima mau ʻia ka poʻe kahiko e hana i nā hana ʻē aʻe o ka poʻe vietnamese.
Kapuka.22: LAMPAKA (i hana ʻia me kahi ipu aniani, kumu: 2cents)
2.3 E pili ana i ka album "KEKAHIʻANA O KA ANNAMESE (Vietnamese) PEOPLE" (Fig.23)
2.3.1 Nā hana helu e pili ana i nā sketch a me nā wahi a lākou e mālama ai i kahi mālama
a. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO kēia kahi hoʻonohonoho o nā mea pena e like me kā mākou helu helu he 4577 mau kānaka-kiʻi (1), 2529 ma waena o lākou e launa pū me ke kanaka a me ka ʻāina, a ma 1049 i waena o kēia mau kiʻi 2529 e hōʻike ana i nā helehelena wahine; like me ke koena o 2048 koena, hana hou lākou i nā mea hana a me nā lako hana.
b. ʻO nā seti i mālama ʻia ma ka Waihona Puke Nui ʻo Hanoi he 7 mau puke i hoʻopaʻa ʻole ʻia a lawe ʻia ka helu helu HG18 - ua mālama ʻia kēia pūʻulu ma lalo o ka helu kuhi G5 o ka Waihona Waihona Central ʻo Hanoi - Ua microfilmed ʻia kēia waihona ma ʻApelila 1979, ma lalo o ka helu kuhi SN / 805 me ka lōʻihi 40 mika 70 kenimika.
Fig.23: KAʻOHE KIEKAHI ANNAMESE (Vietnamese) Nā kānaka na HENRI OGER
- He Encyclopaedia o nā mea hana āpau, nā mea hana, a me nā hana i ke ola a me nā hana lima o ka Tonkinese Annamese People
Mālama ʻia kahi hoʻonohonoho ʻē aʻe ma ke ʻano he waihona ma General Library Library o ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Ho Chi Minh - kahi waihona i mahele mua ʻia ma ka keʻena o ka hale waihona puke French Resident Superior - ma lalo o ka helu kuhi helu 10511 - ua microfilmed ʻia kēia pūʻulu no ka manawa ʻelua. i ka makahiki 1975, a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ʻelua puke.
I ka wā mua, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia kēia hoʻonohonoho like i kēlā manawa o 10 mau puke, ua microfilmed ʻia e ka Archaeology Institute ma lalo o ka helu kuhi VAPNHY ma Mei 24, 1962 (2) ma ka Alpha Film Enterprise ma Saigon ma mua. Eia nō naʻe, hemahema kēia microfilm ʻaoʻao 94 a loaʻa ʻaoʻao 95 i ka pālua (ma muli o kahi kīnā loea).
c. Aia nō i ka lula he paha o ka 120 mau ʻaoʻao i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, mālama ʻia ma lalo o ka helu helu HE 18a, a ua hoʻokolohua ʻia ma lalo o ka helu helu SN / 495 me ka lōʻihi o 5m5, a e kau pū nei i ke sila o ka Hale Paʻi ma Indochina e hiki ai i kekahi e nana i ka helu 17924.
- ʻO kēia ka pūʻulu i mālama ʻia ma ke ʻano he waihona ma ka Hale Waihona Puke o Hanoi. ʻO ka mea e pono ai ka nānā ʻana ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ma ke kihi ʻākau o ka ʻaoʻao mua, kahi i hoʻolaʻa ʻia e ka kākau lima ʻana a H. Oger ponoʻī, e hoʻolaʻa nei i ka puke i ke Kiaʻāina Nui ʻo Albert Sarraut e heluhelu ana penei:
“ʻOluʻolu mahalo ʻia i ke Kiaʻāina General Albert Sarraut e uku i kaʻu aie no ka mahalo i nā ʻano ʻoluʻolu maikaʻi a ko kākou ʻOihana. (3). Ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Vinh, Malaki…, 1912. Henri Oger ”
d. ʻAʻole loaʻa iā mākou kahi mau ʻike e pili ana i nā kumuwaiwai ʻē aʻe, ʻoi loa hoʻi ma Palisa, akā, i loko o ke kapikala ʻo Wīwī, Profesor Pierre Huard (4) ua loaʻa nā hōʻoia e like me kēia penei:
"ʻAʻole kēia hana i paʻi ʻia ma Vietnam i ka ukali ʻana i nā kaʻina hana waiho kope, no laila, ʻaʻole i waiho ʻia kekahi kope ma ka Waihona Puke o ka ʻāina ma Palisa. Eia nō naʻe, mahalo i ka hoʻomaopopo lokomaikaʻi o nā luna Vietnamese (o Saigon mua), ua loaʻa iaʻu kahi kope kope kope ʻia mai ke kope nui ma lalo o ka helu helu 10511 o ka Waihona Puke o ka Cochinchinese Resident Superior's Office.
He kope hoʻi kā ka "École Française dʻExtrême-Orient" i ke kōkua o ka Photograpies Service- Central Department of Documents e pili ana i ka National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) "
Ua kālai ʻia ka hana a H.Oger a ua lawe i nā ʻano o nā kumulāʻau liʻiliʻi nāna i hiki mai ma ke paʻi ʻia ma nā pepa raiki nui. (65x 42cm); ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā ʻaoʻao 700 me ka unsystematically a me ka piʻoloke, aia ma kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao nā kiʻi ʻeono, helu ʻia kekahi o lākou me nā kiʻi Roma, me nā kaʻao i nā huapalapala pake, akā ua hoʻonohonoho pono ʻole ʻia lākou āpau. Ka palena o ka helu o nā kope i paʻi ʻia: he 15 wale nō set a me hoʻokahi leo ʻano ʻē. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kēlā me kēia hoʻonohonoho i 7, 8, a i ʻole 10 fascicles. I kēia manawa, aia ʻelua wale nō set a me hoʻokahi vold odd ma Vietnam (5).
2.3.2 Ka helu ʻana o nā ʻano ʻāpana o nā kumuhana (Wahi a H.Oger)
a. I kēia puke, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻo Henri Oger i nā kumuhana i ʻehā mau kumuhana nui: ʻo ka mea ʻekolu mau ʻāpana hana ʻekolu (ke ola pilikino), a ʻo ka mea hope ke ola pilikino a me ka lehulehu (ke ola).
1. ʻO nā kumuwaiwai hana hana mai nā mea kūlohelohe.
2. ʻO ka hana e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā kumuwaiwai i lawe ʻia mai ke ʻano.
3. ʻO ka ʻoihana e hoʻohana ai i nā lako hana.
4. Ke ola maʻamau a pilikino.
d. E pili ana i nā palapala kiʻi kiʻi mai ke ʻano, ʻike ʻo Oger a hōʻiliʻili iā 261 mau sketch (6) a hoʻomau i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana iā lākou i loko o nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi he 5, ma o ke ʻano nui ka nui o nā koikoi, a laila hele mai i nā pūnaewele ʻē aʻe e like me ka halihali, hōʻiliʻili a me ka ʻokiʻoki, hopu. (ika. 24), iʻa lawaiʻa.
Fig.24
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(1) Ua hoʻopau mākou i nā kope kope ʻole a me nā mea e hōʻike pono ana i nā mea puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi i ʻike ʻole ʻia.
(2) a. Ua aʻo mākou ua loaʻa ʻo Mr. Phan Huy Thúy, ka mea noiʻi moʻomeheu a he luna poʻokela ma mua o ka Archaeological Institute, i mālama pono i kēlā kiʻekiʻe manu a ua hoʻouna aku i ka microfilm i ʻAmelika. (i ka makahiki 1972) i hoʻomohala ʻia i mau kope ʻē aʻe. Akā, no ka pipiʻi loa o ke kumukūʻai, ʻaʻole i kō kona manaʻo e hoʻouna i nā kope i nā kula ʻoihana a pau. Ma hope aku, ua hoʻohana ke Kulanui ʻo Vạn Hạnh i ka microfilm i ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻomohala i mau kiʻi liʻiliʻi e hoʻouna i nā loea i uka a me nā ʻāina ʻē. Ua pili mua ka mea noiʻi ʻo Nguyễn Đôn me kēia microfilm i ka wanaʻao.
b. I Palisa, ʻo nā mea noiʻi kaulana e like me Messrs. Hoàng Xuân Hãn, Nguyễn Trần Huân, a ʻo Pierre Huard paha paha ka microfilm aforesaid.
(3) A Monsieur le Gouverneur Général Sarraut en hommage respueux pour le bienveillant intérêt quʻil veut bien apporter à mes études.Vinh le… Mars 1912. Henri Oger.
(4) PIERRE HUARD: He ʻAmelika palani, kahi mea kākau pū me ka Orientalist Maurice Durand o ka hana kaulana i kapa ʻia “Ke aʻo ʻana iā Vietnam (Connaissance du Vietnam)”, paʻi ʻia ma 1954 ma Hanoi. PIERRE HUARD - Le pionnier de la technologie vietnamienne (ʻO ka paionia ma nā ʻenehana ʻenehana) - Henri Oger - BEFEO - TL VII 1970, ʻaoʻao 215,217.
(5) Ua hui mākou me kēia mau papa ʻelua ma ʻelua hale waihona puke nui: Ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Nui o Hanoi (i ka makahiki 1985) a me ka hale waihona puke o Saigon (ma 1962). Mālama ʻia kēia ʻaoʻao i mālama ʻia e mālama ʻia ma nā hale ʻepekema Nui ma Ho Chi Minh (Ua ʻike mākou iā ia i ka makahiki 1984).
(6) Ua loaʻa kēia mau helu ma o kā mākou helu helu.
NĀ MANAʻO:
' KEKAHIʻANA o ka poʻe ANNAMESE - ʻĀpana 1: Pehea i ʻike ʻia ai a hoʻonohonoho ʻia kēia ʻano palapala?
BAN TU THU
11 / 2019