KEKAHIʻANA o ka poʻe ANNAMESE - ʻĀpana 1: Pehea i ʻike ʻia ai a hoʻonohonoho ʻia kēia ʻano palapala?
Hits: 545
(KEKAHI DU PEUPLE ANNAMITE)
by HENRI OGER
ka lālani Farani orientist o ka Annamese People
Ke ho'ākāka nei: He nui nā hiʻohiʻona o ka lako, noʻonoʻo a ola kino.
O ia: ʻO Encyclopaedia o nā mea a pau nā mea kani, nā mea hana, nā hōʻailona, ka hoʻouluulu ʻana, nā silhouettes a nā manaʻo of ke ola a ʻoihana of ka poʻe Tonkinese-Annamese .
Polofesa ʻĀina, Kauka o ka mōʻaukala MANH HUNG NGUYEN
ʻAʻohe inoa: He lio kaahele i kauhale o ke kulanui
Peni inoa: Pāle
1.1 KOHE ANA KE KAHIKE ANA I KA OPA HALEKALAIA A NANA?
1.1.1 Ma ke kūlanakauhale nui ʻo Hanoi, mai ka makahiki 50 a 60, he nui nā mea pena kiʻi kahiko i kaulana e like me Nguyễn Đỗ Cung, Trần Văn Cẩn a pēlā aku ... a ua hoʻomaka kekahi mau mea noiʻi ʻōpio e nānā i ka nui o nā pahu lāʻau, i loaʻa i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia iwakālua, pili ia i kahi o nā palapala i hoʻomaka ai ka poʻe i ʻōlelo ʻia i luna e hana i nā ʻimi noiʻi ʻike maoli a hoʻopaʻa. Ma hope aku, nā ʻimi noiʻi like ʻole e like me: ka Institute of History, the Art Institute, the Institute for the Compilation of Encyclopaedias, the South- East-Asia Institute, the Chinese and Chinesetransigned Vietnamese Institute, the Language Institute etc.… i komo pū i loko pili me nā palapala i ʻōlelo ʻia aʻe nei.
Ma ke kūlanakauhale mua o Saigon, maliʻa paha ma kahi o 60, ua ʻike ka Archaeological Institute a me kekahi mau mea noiʻi a ua hoʻāʻo e aʻo e pili ana i kēlā puke mua o nā puke, keu hoʻi i nā makahiki 70, ke ʻike ka poʻe i ka hiʻona o kekahi o nā pahu lāʻau i ʻōlelo ʻia aʻe nei. malalo o ke poo o “Vietnamese Nā lāʻau lāʻau, i ka hoʻomaka o ka iwakālua Kahulahana. ” (1).
1.1.2 I Palisa, i ʻApelila 1978, ka loiloi ʻepekema ʻepekema (Paris) i paʻi i ka ʻ entitledlelo e pili ana i ka "Folk Art ma o 650 Hou Hoʻouka i nā lāʻau lāʻau " (2).
I ʻelua mau mahina ma hope mai, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi Exposition ma ka Cultural House o ke Kaona ʻo Bourges (Palani) ke hāpai nei i nā hua nui i ke poʻo inoa: "Nā mea hana mahiʻai o Vietnam" (3).
1.1.3 Ma hope o kēia ʻatikala a me kēia Hōʻikeʻike he mau makasina Vietnamese ma kahi ʻē i hoʻomau i ka hoʻolauna ʻana i kēlā mau lāʻau ʻoki lāʻau, a ua hoʻopuka hou ka makasina Art Studies ma Hanoi i ka ʻatikala i ʻōlelo ʻia aʻe nei. (hoʻopuka Helu 4/78).
I ka makahiki 1985, ka nūpepa o ke Kōmike Pūnaewele Hoʻoikaika Vietnam "Encyclopaedic Ka ʻike " i hoʻolauna i nā sketts 351 me ke poʻo inoa nui: "Encyclopaedia i nā Kiʻi" - huki ʻia mai ka “Vietnamese Cultural a Bahan Encyclopaedia '” - Woodcuts ʻike ʻia e Anonymous Artists i ka hoʻomaka o ka 20 kenekulia. (4).
ʻO kekahi manawa hou, ma kāna Springtime Issue i ka makahiki "Mậu Thìn" (Year of the Dragon), ka "Ệt Việt" (Ua hoʻohana ka makasina ʻĀina Vietnamese o ka ʻAhahui o Vietnamese e noho ana ma Kanada i 8 o kēlā mau pahu lāʻau e hōʻike i kāna mau ʻatikala ma Ttt me ka palapala: "Hou nā mea i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i nā kumulāʻau o ka kenekulia 20 ”, a i kēia manawa, nānā hou kekahi helu o nā makasina i kēlā mau lāʻau lāʻau a hoʻāʻo e hoʻohana iā lākou.
Ma waho aʻe, ua ʻike mākou i ʻelua mau lāʻau e hōʻike ana i kahi buffalo i kēlā me kēia o lākou, i wae ʻia mai kēlā papa palapala a paʻi ʻia i loko o kahi makasina e lilo i mau kiʻi no kahi ʻatikala i kapa ʻia: "The mea aloha ʻole i loko o ka pena kiʻi a me ka ʻamā ” (5).
ʻO ka nānā pono ʻana he pūʻulu puke e hoʻopuka ana i kā mākou moʻomeheu lāhui (6) ma kahi o 26 mai o ke kiʻi he 30 ma huki ʻia ma hope o nā mea i loko o kēia hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā palapala.
1.1.4 Hoʻomaka, ʻike mākou, ʻoiai ua hoʻokumu ʻia kēia palapala hana i nā manawa like ʻole ma lalo o nā ʻano like ʻole, ʻaʻole ia i hoʻolaha ʻia ma kahi ʻano a me nā lole like ʻole. No laila, ʻo kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo e hāpai i nā nīnau he nui e pono ai i nā pane ʻē aʻe.
a. He ʻoiaʻiʻo ma hope o ka hāʻule ʻana i loko o ka poina no kahi hala o ka manawa i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hapalua kenekulia, ka hopena o kahi waiwai moʻomeheu nui o ka Vietnamese People "ua hoʻomaka e heʻe - nalo ʻē aʻe a puka hou - me ke kahe o nā hanana" mai Hanoi (i na makahiki he 50 a) iā Saigon (ma hope o 1954) a laila "hāʻule hou hou i kekahi ʻikea ʻike ʻia."Paris-ma hope o 1975)?
b. Pololei anei nā ʻoki lāʻau i loko o kēia pūʻulu palapala i kahi laina hou o nā kiʻi pena kanaka - ʻokoʻa i nā mea i kamaʻāina o ke kauhale ʻo Hngng Hồ a i ʻole ke alanui H Hng Trống - a i ʻole ia mau ʻoki lāʻau. “he ʻano hana"Ai 'ole"he ʻano ʻāpana ʻepekema ʻē aʻe"ʻAʻole maopopo?
Aia paha, ma ke ʻano o kēia puke hoʻopuka liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole pono mākou e holo pono i loko o nā ʻāpana o kēia mau lāʻau lāʻau a pono wale nō "e wehewehe maopopo iā lākou e like me lākou", E pale aku ai i luna ma luna o lākou"nā manaʻo ʻē aʻe"A no laila kūlike ʻole"e hōʻeha ana i nā ʻike ʻepekema intrinsic"
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(1) NGUYỄN KHẮC NGỮ - “Vietnamese Nā lāʻau lāʻau i ka hoʻomaka o ka 20 kenekulia » - Expounder Magazine - mai ka helu No.1 a 10 ma 1970.
(2) PHẠM NGỌC TUẤN - Folk Art ma o 650 Woodcuts i hou hou ʻia - Nānā ʻ Sciencesnaehana Pūnaewele, Palisa, hoʻopuka helu 4/78.
(3) PHẠM NGỌC TUẤN - Nā Pena Peasant o Vietnam - Hōʻikeʻike ma ka Hale Cultural o ke kaona ʻo Bourges (Palani) mai Iune 10, 1978 a Iulai 30, 1978, hoʻonohonoho ʻia e ka ʻAhahui o Vietnamese e noho nei ma Palani, e hana pū ana me ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Man.
(4) I nā helu No. 3, 4, a me 5, 1985 a me ka helu No.1, ʻOkakopa 1985 (hoʻokaʻawale hou).
(5) NGUYỄN QUÂN - Ka buffalo artless i loko o nā kiʻi pena a me nā kiʻi kālai - Magazine Vietnamese Literature - puka o Tết Ất Sửu (Makahiki o ka Bufalo) (1985), p.12.
(6) NGUYỄN THỤ - Nā kiʻi no ke set o nā puke e pili ana i nā mele Folk a me nā mele a ka poʻe Vietnamese - He hale moʻomeheu lahui. (puka 4) i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia e NGUYỄN TẤN LONG a me PHAN CANH, Paʻi ʻia e ka hale paʻi ʻo Sống Mới ma 1971 ma Saigon.
1.2 Kākau inoa ʻia ma ke ʻano he kumuhana o ka ʻepekema ʻepekema a me ka hana ākea ʻia e ka lehulehu.
1.2.1 I ʻApelila 1984, ua hoʻopaʻa inoa inoa mākou i kēia pūʻulu palapala ma ke ʻano he kumuhana ʻepekema noiʻi (1), ma lalo o ke alakaʻi a ka 'Oihana Philology o ke Kulanui HoChiMinh City a me ke kōkua o ka Folk Arts Association a me ka Vietnam Plastic Arts Artists Association.
Ua hoʻolaha mākou i kēia palapala o ka palapala a holo mākou e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā mea foresaid i loko o kahi seminar i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma Hanoi i Iulai 13, 1985.
1. ʻ Proflelo aʻoi aʻe BÙI KHÁNH THẾ (ʻ .lelo Kauka i ka Linguistic), CHU XUÂN DIỄN (ʻ Professorkolofola o ka Palapala Hōʻailona), TRẦN CHÚT (Luna ʻ -lio o ke keʻena ʻo Philology ma ke Kulanui o Hanoi) alakaʻi iā mākou i ke ʻano e pono ai e hoʻohana no ka hoʻolauna ʻana i kēia pūʻulu palapala.
1b. Nā ʻrslelo. ĐẶNG ĐỨC (ka mea noiʻi ma ka Kina a me ka Kelemania i hoʻopaʻa ʻia Vietnamese), ʻO Trần Mai lāua ʻo Hồ Nam, (nā kanaka noiʻi moʻomeheu) ua kōkua iā mākou me nā hoʻolaha.
1c. He Kauka HOƯNG NHƯ MAI (ʻLelo Pelekānia), LÊ ĐÌNH KỴ (Ke Ana o ka ʻAilama Manula TRẦN MAHIKI ĐẠM (ʻ Professorlelo Pelekikena), NGUYỄN LỘC (ʻ Professorlelo Pelekikena), TRẦN THÁI ĐỈNH (Na Kauka i ka Philosophy), LÊ VĂN HẢO (Luna ʻ Professorlelo Kauka i ka Ethnology) ua heluhelu a hana i nā manaʻo e pili ana i ka kākau ʻana.
1d. Nā Messrs. VÕ SĨ KHẢI (Kahiko hulikoehana mea noiʻi), NGUYỄN NGỌC BÁCH (MS), DƯƠNG NGỌC DŨNG (English kumu) ua hoʻoponopono hou i ka unuhi kahiko, a ua hoʻokō ʻia kēia unuhi sub-hoʻoponopono hou a me ka loiloi hope loa e Mr. VŨ ANH TUẤN (Ke unuhi)
Ma hope mai, hoʻomau mākou e hoʻolaha i ia ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe (2) like me ka poʻe Vietnam e noho ana ma waho kahi i hoʻi mai ai lākou e kipa aku i kā lākou ʻāina.
(2) a. Ma Hanoi, ua hōʻike ʻia kēia hoʻonohonoho o nā palapala ma kēia mau wahi:
ʻO ka Institute Hán-Nôm, ka Institute Language Language, ke Keʻena o Vietnamese ma ke Kulanui o Hanoi.
b. I Ke kūlanakauhale ʻo HoChiMinh: Ke Kōmike ʻepekema pilikanaka o ke kūlanakauhale ʻo HoChiMinh, ʻo ka Patriotic Intellectuals 'Association, ʻo ka Association Association, ʻo ka History History, ʻo ka Southern Memorial Memorial Hall, ʻo ka hale paʻi puke ʻōpio, ʻo ka mea kū mau o ka Cultural Institute, ʻo ka 4th Oriental Languages Conference o Nā Aupuni Socialist, hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma Nowemapa 22,1986 ma ke kulanui ʻo HoChiMinh.
1.2.2 ʻO nā mea pili i kēia ʻano palapala i lawe ʻia i nā nūpepa a me nā nūpepa (1) a ua loiloi nā mea loea i kekahi ma lalo o nā ʻano he nui:
a. ʻO kahi puke mōʻaukala i nā kiʻi, ʻoiai ʻaʻole piha, waiwai nui ia ma o ka hiki ke hōʻike i nā ʻoiaʻiʻo a me ka hōʻike ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka nohona kaiāulu o kā mākou lāhui i kēlā kau. Kuhi ʻia kēia pūʻulu lāʻau i kumu waiwai nui i "Kā mākou lāhui waiwai waihona manaʻo "((Fig.1)
Wahi a HOÀNG THAO - He hōʻuluʻulu kumu o nā ʻāpana lāʻau –People's Journal 20 Iulai 1985.
Helu 1: BUFFALO-HERD (hoʻopuka ʻia e kahi statuette i hana ʻia e ka terracotta)
b. ʻO nā mea lāʻau nani, nani, a hoʻoliʻi loa ʻia nā lāʻau i ʻike ʻia me nā kiʻi ʻōpala kaulana o nā kauhale o Đông Hồ a me ke alanui Hàng Trống. ((Fig.2)
… Ma nā makahiki 50, ua ʻike ʻia nā mea pena kiʻi kaulana, ʻo Nguyễn Đỗ Cung a me Trần Văn Cẩn i kēlā ʻano papa lāʻau ma Hanoi, a i hala koke aku nei, ua hoʻolaha ka mea noiʻi ʻo Nguyễn Mạnh Hùng i kahi kope kumu i kū i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo HoChiMinh.
PV Ma ke ʻano he 4000 o nā mea kālai lāʻau i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 20 a ua ʻike ʻia - Kaʻi Kauaʻi, Iulai 20, 1985.
Kuhi 2: KA HĀʻĀ KĀLAI HĀLA MA KA MOON (ʻO ka lei kiʻi Vietnamese)
c. E pili ana i kēia pūʻulu kiʻi pena kiʻi lāʻau lāhui o nā waiwai kiʻekiʻe kūikawā, ua loiloi ʻo Professor- Academician Trần Văn Cẩn, ka luna o ka hui o nā mea pena kiʻi palakiko o Vietnam:
"ʻO kēia hoʻonohonoho o nā mea pena lāʻau no nā ʻike kumu kiʻi kiʻekiʻe loa. ʻO nā mea kākau o mua ua paʻi ʻia nā manawa i kēia mau pena me ke ʻano he taleni māestro maoli. Ke nānā nei Nā kiʻi pena i kēia lā, manaʻo mākou e ʻike hou i ka hana hou ʻana iho mākou (Fig.3). Ke noʻonoʻo wale i ka palake wale ʻoki moʻomeheu, kēia hōʻiliʻili kiʻi koʻikoʻi ua hoʻolako ʻia i kā mākou mau haʻawina kūpono ".
PV He hōʻuluʻulu kūikawā o nā kiʻi pena kanaka - Newsweek Iulai, “20, 1985.
Palapala 3: KA MANAO O KE KĀLOHE NUI
(hoʻopaʻi no kahi haumana e kākau pololei ana i kahi ʻano Kina)
d. ʻŌlelo mai ke Luna Pelekane o Phan Huy Lê:
"He kolu moʻi kahiko kēia o nā kiʻi pena pili i ko kākou nohona noho ka mea i hala, a ka hele ʻana mai nā lālā āpau āpau nā hana i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka maikaʻi a me ka moʻomeheu moʻomeheu. ʻOi aku ma kahi o 4000 mau mea kanu kahi pūlea, hoʻolaʻa, a nui loa palapala waiwai e ʻae iā mākou e aʻo aʻo nā maʻamau, nā hana, a me nā manaʻo o ko mākou lāhui i ka wā moʻolelo kahiko ". (Fig.4)
PV He hōʻuluʻulu kūikawā o nā kiʻi paʻi kiʻi - Newsweek Iulai 20, 1985.
Ahua 4: TALISMAN
(e hoopau i na uhane ino, e hoola i na mai, e malama ka maluhia o kekahi)
e.… "ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili holoʻokoʻa he mea hou aʻe ma mua o 4000 mau pena papa lāʻau, i paʻi ʻia e ko mākou e nā mea pena kiʻi i ka wā kahiko, kahakaha, a me ka paʻi lima i nā makahiki 1908-1909 ma Hanoi. O ka a pau kau nā paʻi kiʻi i nā kaʻao kikoʻī ma Kina a me Ua kākau nā China i nā Vietnamese, e wehewehe ana kā lākou ʻike e uhi ai i nā hana like ʻole me ke ʻano ʻana, hoʻouluulu ʻia (Fig.5), nā hoʻomana, hana, hoʻowahāwahā i ko mākou poʻe poʻe i ka hoʻomaka o kēia kenekulia ".
Ke hoʻolauna nei i ka hōʻiliʻili o nā kiʻi paʻi kanaka ma ka hoʻomaka o ke kenekulia 20 - New Hanoi, Iulai 20, 1985.
Fig 5: Pehea e pani ʻia ai kahi BUFFALO
f. "Ma luna o nā kiʻi pena ʻōiwi 4000 e like me he hōʻuluʻulu moʻolelo i nā kiʻi, e hōʻike ana i kā mākou poʻe o ka nohona kuʻuna i nā kānaka i ka wā ma mua, a e hele ana i na lala a me na mau ʻoihana i loko o kā mākou hana kuʻuna i ka hana kino a me ke kino (Fig.6), oiia ua maopopo ka pili a nā poʻe loea i kekahi akamai a me ke ʻano ".
ʻO ka Seminary Scientific i ka manawa o ka hōʻiliʻili o nā kiʻi ʻehā a ʻoi aku o 4000 e hoʻolaha ākea ʻia - Liberated Saigon i kēlā me kēia lā, Iulai 17, 1985.
Fig 6: KA HUI KAKOU
g. … "Akā, ʻo ka mea makamae paha ka waiwai o kahi palapala i nā kiʻi, me ka anotation ma ka ʻōlelo Pākē a me ka Chinesetrans Vietnamese (Fig.7) (2), ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma kahi kūpono kūpono i nā hana o nā lehulehu ākea o kā mākou poʻe i ke kenekulia hope.
ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka moʻomeheu moʻomeheu kahiko o ka hana a kēia ʻōpio, ʻoiai he manawa nui lākou i mua o lākou e aʻo i ka moʻomeheu ʻōiwi i nā wā kahiko ”.
HUỲNNH DŨNG NHÂN - ʻōpio Lāpule, hoʻopuka No 24/85, ʻAukake 25, 1985.
Eha 7: MONKEY HUA MAKAʻAʻI KĀLOHE MAKAʻI ʻia
(i ka makahiki o ka Monkey - 1908 - hoʻohana kekahi i nā mea kanu lāʻau e ulana i kahi moʻo a mālama iā ia i loko o ka hale. Ma hope aku, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea kanu e hōʻola i nā maʻi)
h. … "He mea nui paha kēia hōʻike ʻana i nā kahua nui o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana e like me: moʻomeheu moʻomeheu, ethnography a me ka pāhana (Fig.8). Eia kekahi, ʻo kēia hōʻiliʻili i loaʻa o ka 4000 mau kiʻi paʻi ka mea i hōʻike i ka mea mua ʻenehana hana pilikino i nā kālai kiʻi kahakaha o kēlā mau lā kahiko ".
HỒ KIM - No ka hōʻiliʻili o nā kiʻi ʻehā a ʻoi paha o 4000 i ka hoʻomaka o ke kenekulia 20 - The Vietnamese Roman Catholic, hoʻopuka helu 32, Iune 11, 1985.
ʻ 8lelo XNUMX: KAHOA (Terracotta)
i. ... “Me ka manaʻo o ka hilinaʻi a ʻimi ʻimi ʻepekema ʻo Hùng hoike mai iaʻu i kona papa holoʻokoʻa o na palapala, a ua hai mai iaʻu i kana mau loaa ma na mea he nui mau makahiki i ka noiʻi a me ke aʻo ʻana; ua ae mai no hoi oia iaʻu ʻike e pili ana i nā pilikia e noho mau nei ka ole hoi e hoopuka ana i ka waiwai a me ka manaʻolana i nā lā e hiki mai ana. Mahalo i i kona nohona nui a me kana hana hooikaika, ua hiki iā ia ke mākaukau a maopopo hou ma mua o 4000 mau pena me nā moʻolelo i kākau ʻia e Kina Wiekanama; a kikoʻī i E ʻike i nā vestiges maoli i waiho ʻia e ka Hải ʻEctlelo Hưng - ʻo Hải Hưng ka homeland o na poe pena. Eia naʻe, e like me kekahi mau pena nā mea hoʻonāukiuki, pono ʻo ia e kūkākūkā me nā mea he nui ʻO nā mea ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi, a me nā ʻelemakule e hele mai mai North Hiki i ka Vietnam ke loaʻa nā pane kūpono ” (Fig.9).
ĐẶNG ĐỨC, - Văn Nghệ (ʻĀnō paʻi), nā pukana Nos. 5-6, Pepeluali 1, 1986 - Lunar New Year Bính Dần (Makahiki o ke Tiga) 1986.
Fig 9: INVOKING KE PONO HAHAOLEHE E PILI ANA I KA HALE KAPAKAKA MAKAU
j. … "ʻO kēia mau pena pena, pena ʻia i ka hoʻomaka o ka kenekulia 20, ua hoʻokō me ka ʻenehana hana maoli, a i ua hōʻike aku ke ola o nā Vietnamese i kēlā manawa. He nui i waena o lākou he noiʻi ʻepekema kiʻekiʻe waiwai, pili me ka pili pono ethnography. ”((Laau. 10).
(4000 mau kiʻi paʻi kiʻi ʻia - Vietnam Hōʻike Hōʻike News Hanoi - VNA - Iulai 16).
Hōʻoia 10: KAʻU KĀNUI
(ʻO kekahi o nā hola ʻeono o ka mare ʻana, ke lawe nei ke kauwā i kahi pākuʻina o ka betel
a ʻo Areca i kona poʻo, ke kāne mare me kahi ʻōpala, ka makuahōnōwai wahine
me kona pāpale pākuʻi ākea ākea)
k. … ”Loaʻa i nā hui moʻomeheu like ʻole hoʻonohonoho i nā hui o nā mea noiʻi e mālama ma ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā kumu kumu o kēia mau pena, a e ʻimi ana i ka vita vita o ke kumu ʻōʻī. ʻO ka manaʻo e loaʻa nā kope kumu a paʻi ʻia i loko o kahi hana he nui ".
ʻO kahi hōʻiliʻili kupaianaha - The Courrier of Vietnam - Kepakemapa 1985.
l. … ”Koi ʻia kahi manawa hou aʻe e hana pono ai i ka nana ana ka hoʻopuka ʻana i kēia hōʻiliʻili o nā Mokuna Vietnamese Nā kiʻi ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka kenekulia 20, me he mea laʻa koʻikoʻi kēia i ka waiwai o kā mākou lāhui waiwai moʻomeheu, a no kēia hoʻi hana ʻia ka hoʻopuka ʻana ma ka mālama ʻana a nui Hoʻomaopopo i nā ʻano hana palani Vietnamese i kā mākou kanaka ma uka a " (3)
"Mahele ma kahi o ka wāwae o ka wai.
a me ka hoʻolei ʻana i ka ʻupena e hopu i nā tausani nā iʻa nui... "
"ʻO nā ʻike o kēia hōʻiliʻili o nā kiʻi paʻi me nā mea he nui o ke ola ma ka lāhui kuʻuna Vietnamese (Fig.11), ʻaʻole e palena iki i ka ʻenehana loea.
Hōʻoia 11: KA MEA ANA O KE KUPUNANA NET
ʻO ia ke ʻano o nā ʻīkole pahu lima ʻē aʻe, i hana ʻia i nā ʻāpana lino me ka nui e like ana mai 1.5 a 2 m mau mika, a loaʻa iā ia kahi pahu kapa no ʻekolu a ʻehā paha mau ipu, i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hopu ʻana i nā iʻa a me nā ʻeke ma nā wai hohonu, ʻaʻole hohonu i kahi o ke kanaka. ke kiʻekiʻe (muliwai, ʻauwai, wai, loko ...); komo ka mea kauō i ka hīnaʻi ma kāna kāʻei e paʻa ai ka iʻa i hopu ʻia a me nā ʻōpala. Aia kekahi ʻano ʻupena i ʻoi aku ka nui, i kapa ʻia he upena raft, a kau ʻia ma kekahi ʻāpana o ka muliwai ma waena o ʻelua mau kumuwaiwai ʻelua a he hale no nā poʻe e noho ai a nānā pono ma ia wahi. Akā, aia kekahi ʻano neʻe o ka upena kauō, kahi hinai i ka hīnaʻi ma kona pūhaka, a me kahi ʻano ʻupena liʻiliʻi no ka hopu ʻana i nā ʻōpō kahi ʻāpana lole wale nō.
Ma waena o nā kiʻi he 4000, hiki iā mākou ke ʻike ma kahi o 1000 o lākou e hoʻomanaʻo nei i ke ʻano, pena ʻia me ka hana maʻalahi a hōʻike i nā mea maʻalahi e like me kahi alapiʻi, he kukui (Fig.12) kahi puna, kahi mea ʻino, kani a me nā mea like ... Aia nā mea he nui me ka plastik nui ʻenehana hanohano, waiwai i loko o nā pepa ʻenehana ʻoihana e hoʻolako i nā mea noiʻi me nā mea nui nā palapala i ka hiʻohiʻona ʻike. ”.
MAI TRANG -… 4000 kiʻi pena kanaka i ka hoʻomaka o kēia kenekulia - Nānā Hoʻomana, Kepakemapa, 1985.
Kaulana 12: 'OIL LAMP
m. “No ka pono no ka hōʻike ʻana i ka manaʻo haka, a no ka ʻike ʻia hoʻi ke ʻike ʻana i kekahi ʻano o ke ola ʻana, kekahi o kēia palapala hōʻike kiʻi kiʻi, hōʻike i nā hanana like ma ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana (Fig.13), he puaʻa (Laau. 14), ʻimi a noi paha i nā mea a pēlā aku ... koe nō kūlohelohe… ”
ĐẶNG ĐỨC - ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili o nā kiʻi pena kiʻi lāʻau lāhui i ka hoʻomaka o ke kenekulia 20, i ʻike ʻia mai ka ʻaoʻao kelekiko -Folk Culture, hoʻopuka No. 3/1986.
Helu 13: KA ʻUʻA (e ʻoki ʻia ke poʻo i ka mea i ʻoki ʻia)
Ma kahi maʻamau, ʻaʻohe ʻano mea mahiʻai e manaʻo ʻole i ka hānai puaʻa e kiʻi i ka manure no kāna mahiʻai. Inā ʻaʻole ilino loa a i ke kūlana paʻakikī, pono ka liʻiliʻi i kekahi pigsty i hana ʻia i nā ʻūpā lau pīpī a uhi ʻia i nā lau, ʻo kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao a i ʻole he 2 a 3 paha mau mika (e like me ke kiʻi i hōʻike ʻia ma kāua). E mālama ka poʻe i kahi kūlana kālā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi i kahi keʻena e hoʻohana ʻia me he kahu puaʻa. Ma kekahi mau wahi ʻē aʻe, kūkulu pū ka poʻe i ka hale puaʻa me ka cesspool, a i ʻole hoʻokau ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka lumi kuke, ke kūkulu ʻana i nā paia lepo a hoʻopaʻa i nā pou a puni, e kāhea nei. "Chém" (kahu puaʻa i vietnamese), i mea e pale aku ai i ka puaʻa mai ka hoʻopilikia ʻana i ka hale. ʻO ka poʻe waiwai, kūkulu lākou i ka puaʻa puaʻa me nā pōhaku lepo. I loko o ka hale puaʻa, kau ka poʻe i ka husk, ka mauʻu, pili no nā puaʻa e moe ai, shit, a me ka mimi. Ke hele a palu ka lepo, kau lākou ma luna o kahi ʻili o ka husk, mauʻu a me ka pili i mea e hana ai ka lua lepo ʻO kēia kahi i hoʻohana ʻia no ka waihona a me ka uhi ʻana i ka lepo i kapa ʻia he lua-lepo, kahi ʻano manure nui i hoʻohana ʻia ma nā wahi haʻahaʻa, ʻoiai no nā poʻe ma nā wahi semimountainous a mauna paha, hoʻohana lākou i ka manure ʻōmaʻomaʻo e like me nā wahi i ʻae ʻia nā puaʻa e ʻae ʻia. auwana.
Hōʻike 14: PAKAKAʻI
n. Me ka ʻepekema ʻōpiopio o kēia lā a me ka holomua o ka ʻenehana, ʻaʻole wale mākou paʻi ʻia ka pepa hoʻolaha, akā ua loaʻa iā mākou kekahi ʻano e like me ensiklopedia ma nā kiʻi, soundencyclopaedia, projection-slide encyclopedia a kamepiulaliked encyclopedia. Eia, mākou ka hana ana me kahi Vietnamese Encyclopaedia ma Nā kiʻi i loaʻa i ka hoʻomaka o kēia kenekulia… ”.
LÊ VĂN HẢO - He hana moʻomeheu laha ʻole a koʻikoʻi hoʻi i ka waiwai moʻomeheu Vietnamese: nā kiʻi pena kiʻi lāʻau 4577 i ka Vietnamese Encyclopaedia i nā kiʻi o nā mea pena kiʻi Vietnamese i ka hoʻomaka o ke kenekulia 20 - Saigon Liberated, nā helu o Iulai 16 a me 17, 1987.
o. "Ma ka moʻomeheu moʻomeheu a me nā mea kiʻi kiʻi ma kēia i kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, aia nō kekahi mea manaʻo ʻia ka nānā ʻana i nā kānaka he nui, ʻo ia hoʻi ka poʻe i loko o ka honua kiʻi kahiko, nā moʻomeheu moʻomeheu a me kekahi nā ʻepekema ʻepekema ʻē aʻe: kekahi moʻomeheu, ʻike, a me nā hui ʻepekema ʻoihana hana e hoʻolaha i ka lehulehu i kahi hōʻiliʻili nui o nā pena kālai lāʻau i pena ʻia i ka hoʻomaka o kēia kenekulia… ”
QUỐC ANH - Ke hoʻokumu hou nei i ka waiwai o nā kiʻi pena lāʻau i pena ʻia i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke Kenekulia iwakālua - Nā moʻomeheu a me nā aʻo ʻana o nā hana noʻeau - Kuhina o ka moʻomeheu - hoʻopuka No 2/1988 (ʻAoʻao 48).
_________
(1) E like me, ka Vietnam Press Review, People's Journal, People's Army Journal, New Hanoi, Liberated Saigon, Religion Review, Newsweek, The Vietnamese Roman Catholic, "Le Courrier du Vietnam" (ma Palani), Kāleʻa o Nā ʻōpio, Nā ʻImi palapala (ʻO ka laha o ka Tết ʻO Bính Dần 1986), ʻIke o kēia lā, hoʻopuka No 2/88…
(2) Monkey plied me nā lāʻau lapaʻau me ka hōʻaia me ka laina o nā huaʻōlelo Kina i heluhelu: "Ma ka lā Đoan Dương Tết (ʻo ka lima o ka lā 1908 o ka malama ʻelima), hoʻohana nā kānaka i nā lau safran e hoʻomāloi i kahi holoholona o ka effigy, ma muli o ka makahiki i hōʻike ʻia. e ia e ka holoholona. ʻO ka makahiki ʻo Mậu Thân (XNUMX) ka makahiki o ka Monkey. no laila kā lākou i kāpala i ka effigy a kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo "Hầu tử", a laila ua kau ʻia ma luna o ka puka nui e hoʻopau i nā pōʻino. Ma hope mai, inā e maʻi kekahi ma ka ʻohana me ka maʻi maʻi, e lawe nā kānaka i kekahi lau safran mai kēlā effigy e lawelawe ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau.
(3) I loko o ka Seminar, ka luna o ke Kōmike Waena o ka Vietnamese United Association of Literature and Arts - ka haku mele ʻo CÙ HUY CẬN - i hoʻoulu ʻia e ka pena kanaka i kapa ʻia ʻo "Dip net raising" (Fig.11) ua haku ʻia i nā ʻōlelo ʻelua i ʻōlelo ʻia i luna.
NĀ MANAʻO:
' KEKAHIʻI o ka poʻe ANNAMESE - Ke hoʻolauna nei i ka papa o nā palapala - Mahele 2
BAN TU THU
12 / 2019