KA KĀHANA o 54 EʻOA GROUPS ma VIETNAM - Pauku 1

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PHAM DUC THANH, Kauka Assoc. Prof.¹

Ka Honua Mahele Hema Hema

    Vietnam he ʻāina ia S i uhi ʻia i ka ʻaoʻao hikina o 331,041 mau kilomita kilomita o Peninsula ma Indochina. ^ E Ha yM. E paʻa ʻia me nā ʻāina ʻokoʻa: ka nahele a me nā mauna, midland, kaona, ka moku, ka ʻāina a me kahi pā.

    Vietnam aia ma ka naʻau o hikina Hema Asia, ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka ʻaoʻao hema mai o ka ʻEuropa Komohana.

    Uhi ka mauna a me nā puʻu i ka hapakolu o ka ʻāina o ka ʻāina. I ka Ke akau, mahalo ko Komohana, nā mauna kiʻekiʻe. O ka Wā Keiki Hoang Lien², pili ana i ka Ma Kahawai³ a me ka akau Truong Keiki Hōʻailona⁴, Vietnam'āpana paʻakikī loa e hiki ai ma muli o nā haneli haneli o nā piko kiʻekiʻe a me nā pae mauna e hoʻokaʻawale a keʻakeʻa i nā kamaʻilio ma waena o nā wahi like ʻole. Ke hele nei i ka hema Truong Keiki Hōʻailona², mauna piʻi lūlū i ke komohana, hana i kekahi ʻāina kiʻekiʻe i kapa ʻia ʻO Tay Nguyen⁵ (Kōkua), laila holo i lalo i ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ʻO Vietnam Hema ma mua o ka komo ʻana i ka nui Mekong Delta⁶.

    Na punawai ma ka Komohana e like me Da (ʻeleʻele), ʻO Hong (ʻulaʻula), Lo, Ma nā Auwai, holo i ka holo komohana-a-hema. ʻO ka ʻoihana kahawai ʻo ka umu ma ka ʻaoʻao o luna e kōkua i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā awāwa o nā nui. Hoʻopili ʻia nā pā Alluvial a me nā pā o ka muliwai ma ka papahū nā mānoanoa o ka moena hohonu maikaʻi i kūpono no ka kanu ʻana i ka ʻu. He mau wahi noho noho nui kēia nā kumu maikaʻi e hana i kahi kiʻi moʻomeheu kūpono.

   Ma ka a akau o Central Vietnam, Ke holo nei nā mauna i ke kai. ʻO nā kahe wai kahe wikiwiki ka mea i lawe i ka alluvium liʻiliʻi a ʻaʻole hiki ke hana i ka deltas nui. Mai ka ʻaoʻao hema mai i ka hema, akā, ma kekahi mau kahawai e holo ana i ka hikina, nā wai e like me Se Bang Phay⁷, Se Bang Hieng Poko⁸, a Serepok⁹ kahe ana komohana Laos¹⁰ a Kamabodia¹¹ e hui pū me ka Nā muliwai ʻo Mekong¹² ma mua o ka hoʻi ʻana i loko Vietnam kahi a lākou e haku ai i ka momona nui Mekong Delta¹³.

    Vietnam he wai nui ka ʻāina, he laina kahakai ma luna o 3,200 km a me kahi pā hale nui, he nui nā kumu waiwai nui e komo pū ana i kahi o nā huahana o nā kai.

He Kahu Panorama o nā Kumuhana like ʻole

    Vietnam he ʻāina lāhui lehulehu. Wahi a ka hoʻolaha aupuni a ke Aupuni, Vietnam he 54 mau hui mele i waena o ia Wiekanama (Weliweli) ʻo ka nui loa. Noho nā moʻomeheu lahilahi e kokoke no 14% o ka nui o ka heluna. I kēia manawa, noho nei i kēia mau pūʻulu he 12 miliona. Ke hilinaʻi nei i nā hiʻohiʻona linguistic, mau ʻohana i loko Vietnam ua helu ʻia i loko o nā hui linguistic ʻewalu:

1. ka ʻO Viet-Muong (ʻEhā mau hui):  Wiekanama (Weliweli), Muong, Tho, a ʻO Chut.
2. ka Tay-Thai (ʻewalu mau hui): Tay, Thai, Nung, Bo Y, Giay, Lao, Lu, a San Chay.
3. ka Mon-Khmer (Nā'āpana 21): Kho Mu, Khang, Mang, Xinh Mun, Bru-Van Kieu, Ta Oi, Co Tu, Ho Re, Gie Trieng, Ba Na, Xe Dang, Brau, Ro Mam, Mnong, Ma, Co Ho, Xtieng Cho Ro. Khmer, a Du O Du.
4. ka H'mong-Dao (ʻekolu mau pūʻulu): Mona, ʻO Dao, a Pa Ma.
5. ka Malayo-Polinesia (ʻelima hui): ʻO Gia Rai, Ede, Chu Ru, Raglai, a ʻO Cham.
6. ka Han (ʻekolu mau pūʻulu): Hoa (Han), ʻO Ngai, a San Diu.
7. ka Tibeto-Burmase (ʻeono hui): Ha Nhi, Phu La, La Hu, Cong, Lo Lo, a Ina ka.
   8. Nā mea ʻē aʻe: Kahi Lao, La Chi, Pu Peo, a ʻO La Ha.

… E hoʻomau ʻia ma ka ʻāpana 2…

noka:
¹ : PHAM DUC KAHEA (1944, Hai Phong) - Polokalamu Hui Pū ʻIa, Ph.D., Luna Hoʻokele o ka Institute Institute ʻ Researchlelo Hikina Hema (1994-Malaki 2006); Mamuli o ke kūlana kaua ma hope o ka Kuʻikahi ʻo Geneva 1954, ua puka 'o ia mai ke kula kiʻekiʻe ma 1963 a kākau' ia, a laila hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka makahiki 1968, a laila ua komo i ka palapala kau inoa komo i ʻO Ke Kulanui o Ka ʻĀina Hana, Helu 13, Ka Mīkini o ka Mōʻaukala, a puka ʻana mai ke kulanui i ka manawa o ka AupuniʻAmelikakaua hōʻino loa i ka Ke akau (hoea 1972), laila ua hoʻi i ka hana i ma ʻIla Kūʻai ʻo Vietnam. ^ E Ha yM. I Iune 1973, lilo ʻo ia i lālā no ka Papa papaʻa ʻO ʻAmelika Hema, kuleana no Kamabodiakahua noiʻi, a ua koho ʻia ma ke ʻano he Ke poʻo o ka ʻike pili waiwai (ma 1978). I ka makahiki 1983, Institute Institute ʻ Researchlelo Hikina Hema ua hoʻokumu ʻia ma ke kumu o Papa papaʻa ʻO ʻAmelika Hema a he luna no ia ma na Luna Hoʻomalu Kuleana ʻo ka ʻĀina Pūnaewele a me ka Kakauolelo ʻepekema o ka Institute. ^ E Ha yM. I ka makahiki 1986, me kahi papa hana noiʻi ma ʻO ka mōʻaukala Cambodian hou, ua kūleʻa maoli ʻo ia i ka disertation a ke kauka lapaʻau a hoʻomaka i ka hōʻoia i kona inoa i ka honua ʻepekema.

    Hoʻi ana i Tiekasolowakia ma hope o ka manawa lōʻihi o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana ma hope o ke kau ʻana ma hope mai ke kauka, i ka makahiki 1991, hoʻāla ʻia ʻo ia ma ka Lunahooponopono Hope a laila o ka Luna Hoʻokena o ka Institute Asia Research Institute (ma 1994) a noho ma kēia keʻena a hiki i kona hoʻomaha ʻana (Malaki, 2006).

    ʻElua mau makahiki o ka hana pū me nā Keʻena, me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o nā ʻāina i ia wahi, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka ʻāina o Kamabodia, Assoc. He waiwai nui ʻo PHAM DUC THANH i nā hana noiʻi ʻepekema: 1) ʻO kekahi mau kumuhana nui o ka pae ʻāina ma lalo o: Ka hana o nā ʻāina nui ma ka ʻĀina o ʻAulika-Pakipika; 2) He papahana lālā o kahi papahana noiʻi e pili ana i ka kapitalism o kēia ao a me kahi kumuhana kūʻokoʻa i kapa ʻia ʻo “Ua loulou ʻo ASEAN i ka makahiki mua o ka makahiki 21”Āna i pelekikena ai; 3) ʻEhiku papahana pae kuhina e pili ana i nā pilikia e like me: ʻO ka pilina a Vietnam-Laos ma ke kaʻina moʻolelo, Nā Vietnamese a me Lao kaiaulu, Asia-Pacific Economic Community (APEC), Development Triangle Vietnam-Laos-Cambodia,…; 4) Hoʻohui e hoʻokō i kekahi mau hoa hana laulima me nā hui o ka honua e hana i kahi buzz ma waena o nā mea noiʻi; 5) Ma kahi o 10 mau puke (kākau ʻokoʻa a hui pū) e like me: "Moolelo no Kaukaenuia"(1995), "Nā pilina Vietnam-ASEAN“,…; 6) Ma kahi o 30 mau ʻatikala i paʻi ʻia i nā makasina ʻoihana a me nā haole ʻoihana ʻē.

    ʻOiai koʻikoʻi ʻo kāna hana hoʻokele, ʻo Assoc. ʻO Prof. Dr. PHAM DUC THANH e hoʻolōʻihi i ka manawa e aʻo i nā mea aʻo i nā haumāna mai ka Ka Mīkini o ka Mōʻaukala, ka Keʻena ʻOihana ʻĀina at Ke Kula Nui o Hanoi (kēia manawa o ka University of Social Science & Humanities, Ke Kulanui National Vietnam, Hanoi), kekahi mau kulanui ma ʻO Ho Chi Minh City… Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia: "He maʻa mau ia o ke aʻo pilikino i kōkua nui i ka hana noiʻi e pili ana i nā pilikia e pili ana i ka wahi noiʻi".

² :… Ke hōʻano hou nei…

NĀ MANAʻO:
'  54 Hui Pūʻulu Vietnam - Hoʻolauna.
'  Ke kaiāulu o 54 GROUPS ETHNIC ma Vietnam - Paukū 2.
'  ʻO Ka Pūnaewele BA NA o 54 Hui Pūʻulu ma Vietnam.
Version Vietnamese version (ʻoe-VersiGoo):  CONG DONG 54 DAN TOC Vietnam - Phan 1.
Version Vietnamese version (ʻoe-VersiGoo):  CONG DONG 54 DAN TOC Vietnam - Phan 2.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo):  54 ʻO Dan to Vietnam.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo):  Nguoi BA NA trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em Viet Nam.

BAN TU THU
06/2020

KA MANAʻO:
◊ Kumu:  54 Hui Pūʻulu ʻē ma Vietnam - VNA Thong Tan Publishing House, Hanoi, 2008.
Ban Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ʻo Ban Tu Thu e nā leka uila a me nā ʻaoʻao mele a pau. ma kahi o ka mea