ʻLelo Hoʻākāka Nr. 1: VIETNAM i ka Manawa Kahiko - INTRODUCTION
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HUNG NGUYEN MANH1
Kauka o Phylosophie i ka Mōʻaukala
Ti ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia XX, ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻepekema ʻenehana a me nā ʻenehana - keu hoʻi ka huhū i ka moʻomeheu a me nā mākaʻikaʻi huakaʻi i ke koi no ka hoʻololi moʻomeheu ma waena o nā moʻomeheu like ʻole ma o nā kāleka kāleka.
In 1882, ua hana ke kanaka i ke kiʻi paʻi kiʻi, a i ka makahiki 1886 ua paʻi pololei ʻia nā mea i paʻi ʻia ma ka pepa ma o nā hana paʻi hou. ʻO nā kāleka kāleka i ola i kēlā manawa ua lanakila i nā wahi ʻāina āpau a kū i nā koina o ke kaiāulu a me ka honua. Me he mea lā ua hoʻemi ʻia kēlā mau mamao a pau i ke aloha ʻia i nā kiʻi i paʻi ʻia ma nā kāleka.
OHiki iā ne ke ʻōlelo aku - i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia XX, ke ulu nei nā kāleka leka e like me ke kuni, i ka nui ʻĀina Indocinese nā ʻāina ma ka laulā, a ma Vietnam i ke ʻano wae.
Tkū aʻe ʻo ia i loko o nā lima o DE THAM2 kekahi paha i waena o nā kumuhana nui i hoʻohana mua ʻia i Vietnam. Loaʻa iā mākou kēia hōʻiliʻili o nā kāleka leka i kā mākou mālama. ʻO nā kia hoʻomanaʻo i kūkulu ʻia e ka poʻe Palani e like me: Coal exploitation at Hong Gai3, ka hale hana sima ma Hai Phong4, ka hao nā alahaka Doumer5 (ʻO Bien Long) a me ka ʻO Trang Tien (i Hue)6, ka Hai Phong a Saigon na uapo, na mahiko o ka Komohana Komohana7, a me nā kia hoʻomanaʻo ʻē aʻe i Annam8 a Cochinchina9 (Vietnam waena a me Hema Hema), aia i Eono ʻāina10 in Cochinchina, a me nā mea… ʻO ke kikoʻī i nā kiʻi e kahakaha a hōʻike i ka Alanui Mandarin11 (la ala mandarine) hoʻokumu mau i kahi kumuhana kūikawā i mea hoihoi i nā mea paʻi kiʻi.
Tua waiho ʻo ia i nā kāleka i nā hiʻohiʻona moʻomeheu like ʻole e like me: nā hanana alanui, nā kuaʻāina a me nā kauhale i ka Ke akau, ka kikowaena a me ka Ka hema (Tonkin, Annam a Cochinchina), nā leʻaleʻa, nā wahi mākeke a me nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻolālā i nā kūlanakauhale nui e like me ʻO Hanoi, Haiphong, Hue, Danang, Saigon… A me nā kiʻi o nā mōʻī o ka Mālama ʻo Nguyen12 e like me: DUY TAN13, MAHIKI THAI14, HAM NGHI15 ʻo ia kekahi kumu o ka hoʻoulu manaʻo no nā mea paʻi kiʻi i hoʻohana i ia ʻano hiʻohiʻona e hana i nā kiʻi paʻi i hoʻouna ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. E pili ana i kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua noʻonoʻo kā mākou poʻe loiloi wikiwiki o floklore i nā kiʻi e like me ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana e lawelawe i ka ʻono exotic, i ka ʻōlelo ʻana e pili ana i ka hana a nā orientatlists. Vietnam.
Tʻike ʻo ia i nā moʻolelo o nā kāleka i ka makahiki mua wale nō o ke kenekulia XX i loaʻa ai nā kāleka mua, me nā kiʻi i paʻi ʻia a paʻi ʻia e ka Wiekanama, i hana i ko lākou helehelena mua i Vietnam, a ʻo nā mea maʻamau ka hoʻonohonoho o nā kāleka leka uila 20 e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻolewa o PHAN CHAU TRINH16 in Saigon. I kēia mau lā nā kāleka kāleka e kōkua iā mākou e hoʻomaopopo a hāpai i kā mākou mōʻaukala i kahi ʻano ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mōʻaukala o kēia wā.
According i ka Xua & ʻAʻole puke o ka ʻO ka Ahahui Hōʻailona Vietnamese17, ma muli o nā ʻano ʻokoʻa like ʻole, ka mālama ʻana ma ke ʻano he waihona o nā ʻano kāleka postcards e emi paha ka hana a me ka lehulehu e like me Palani - akā, hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou i ka hōʻiliʻili o ka Kula Farani Palani Hikina18 (Waihona Puke o Vietnam Social Science and Institute Institute), aia i Ka Hui Waihona Archives19, a ʻoiai hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma nā hōʻiliʻili o nā hōʻiliʻili pilikino.
Ce pili ana i kaʻu hihia ponoʻī - kēlā o kahi ʻohiʻohi pilikino - ua haʻi ʻia koʻu inoa e ka ʻO ka makasina ʻo Xua & Nay no ka hāʻawi ʻana ma aneʻi a ma laila i nā hōʻike he nui o nā leka uila mai Hanoi, Hue, Saikona i Nā panalāʻau hema e like me ʻO Ben Tre20, Kien Giang21...
The Xua & ʻAʻole puke ua ʻōlelo pū nō hoʻi i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he mau kaukani leka uila i kaʻu hōʻiliʻili i "peʻa make”A me nā lālani o nā ʻōlelo i kākau ʻia e nā mea hoʻouna - i ka wā a lākou i kū mua ai i ka wāwae Ho'omoe a i ʻole loaʻa iā lākou a ke noho nei lākou i loko Vietnam, Laos a Kamabodia a ua hoʻouna aku i nā leka uila i nā lālā o ko lākou ʻohana ma Palani, a i ʻole ma kekahi mau ʻāina ʻē.
Tʻo ia "peʻa make”A ʻo ia mau ʻōlelo i kākau ʻia ua hoʻonui ʻia ka waiwai o nā kāleka leka i nā manawa he nui - ma lalo o ke kihi nānā o nā ʻohiʻohi ʻoihana.
As noʻu, he mea hōʻiliʻili kūpono - nāna e ʻohiʻohi i kēlā me kēia manawa a ma nā wahi paha e loaʻa ai nā kāleka. ʻO wau, i loko o kahi manawa lōʻihi e noho nei i Saigon. Mahalo iaʻu iho i ke kiʻi o kahi homeland hanohano. Akā, i kēia manawa, makemake nō wau e ka Xua & ʻAʻole puke e kōkua mau iaʻu e lawe i ka mahalo like o ka lehulehu e like me Nā hana noʻeau Vietnamese.
Tholoʻokoʻa i ka Milenium o Thang Long22, ke kumu o nā palapala mōʻaukala, i kākau ʻia a waiho ʻia ma ka pepa i loko Pākē a inoa (Nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻokō) a hiki ke ʻike ʻia i nā hale waihona puke ʻokoʻa pilikino. I kēia manawa, paʻi ʻia nā kāleka kāleka ma ka pepa paʻakikī e ke kiʻi ʻana i nā kiʻi, me nā huaʻōlelo, nā ʻōlelo a me nā ʻike ma ko lākou ʻaoʻao, a he kumu nō hoʻi o nā mea mōʻaukala - ʻoiai he mau makahiki hou a he hou wale nō - ma kahi o hoʻokahi kenekulia - akā ʻo lākou pū kekahi ua hāʻawi i ka nā noiʻi mōʻaukala o Vietnam kahi ʻāpana o ka mōʻaukala ma o nā kiʻi.
Tʻo ia ke kiʻi - ʻoiai - he waiwai mōʻaukala ʻoiaʻiʻo, me ka ʻole ʻana a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana, me ke kope ʻole ʻana, me ka hoʻopili ʻole ʻana a me ka paʻi ʻole ʻana ... E like me ʻO nā mea paʻi kiʻi komohana ke kākau ʻana a me ke kiʻi ʻana i nā kiʻi o nā wahi o Lakina Amerika i nā lā mua i ka wā e noho ana nā ʻohana hapa liʻiliʻi ma aneʻi - Ma aneʻi, hōʻike ʻia nā kiʻi i kiʻi ʻia i ke ola o ka hapa nui o nā lāhui i kaʻana like i ko lākou ola me nā kamaʻāina mai ka paʻakikī. ʻO nā ululāʻau Indochinese i Nā kūlanakauhale Vietnamese e like me Hanoi, Saigon… nā kūlanakauhale i kāhea ʻia i kekahi manawa Ka Momi o ka Hikina23 - nā inoa hanohano mua loa e hōʻailona i kahi loli ikaika e like me ka pakele ʻana mai ka Makamua e hehi i loko o ka wā mōʻaukala o kēia au.
E nana iA:
' ʻLelo Hoʻākāka Nr. 2: INTRODUCING o ka hōʻiliʻili o nā POSTCARDS INDOCHINESE.
noka:
1: ʻO Asso. ʻO Prof. HUNG NGUYEN MANH, ʻO Pelekikena mua o ke Kulanui ʻo Hong Bang International, ʻo ia ka mea kākau o Vietnam, Hanoi, Saigon… Kāleka, nā mea hoʻokumu o nā pūnaewele - ma kahi o ka mea, vietnamhoc.net, hemolelea ʻoe, hawaiiluaokalani.com, Etc.
2:… Ke hōʻano hou nei…
noka:
◊ Kumu: ʻO Vietnam i ka wā Kahiko, NGUYEN MANH HUNG Kauka i ka Mōʻaukala, Xua & Nay Magazine, Nā mea hoʻopuka Thoi Dai, Hanoi, 2010.
' Ua kau ʻia e Ban Tu Thu nā kūmole āpau, nā leka uila, nā kikokiko, nā ʻāpana kala a me nā kiʻi sepiaised. ma kahi o ka mea.
BAN TU THU
09 / 2020