TAY NINH - Cochinchina
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MARCEL BERNANOISE1
I. Pauku Hoonaauao
ʻO ka mokuʻāina o ʻO Tayninh [Tây Ninh] he wahi moka loa i pili iā 450.000 heka, a hoʻopaʻa ʻia ia i ke kūkulu ʻākau a me ke komohana e Kambodea, ma ka hema e nā ʻāpana o ʻO Giadinh [Gia Định], Cho Lon [Chợ Lớn] a ʻO Tanana [ʻAn An] a ma ka hikina e ka Saigon [Sài Gòn] ka muliwai. Ua haehae ʻia ka ʻāina me he ʻona hoʻokahi, ʻo ka mauna i kapa ʻia “Nui Ba Den»nūi Bà Đen], 1.000 mika ke kiʻekiʻe, kahi kiʻekiʻe loa ma Cochin-China.
ʻO ka HYDROGRAPHY
ʻO nā wahi wai o ka mokuʻo nā Saigon [Sài Gòn] ka wai a me ka [ʻO Vàm Cỏ] ka muliwai me nā hē ona, nā aliʻi nui nā wai (he rach) ʻO Cai Bac [ʻO Cái Bạc], ʻO Soc Om [ʻO Soc Om], a aa ʻO Tayninh [Tây Ninh]. Hāʻawi kēia mau ʻano wai i nā waʻa o nā tonnage liʻiliʻi e holo a hiki i kahi mamao Lo Hele [Lò Hele] aia ma ka muliwai ʻO Cai Bac [ʻO Cái Bạc], a au ʻO Ben Cui [ʻO Bến Củi] i ka Saigon [Sài Gòn] ka muliwai.
KOMANUI O NAHUI KOMANUI
ʻO Tayninh [Tây Ninh] lawelawe ʻia me nā kamaʻilio e ka wai e kahi lawelawe hoʻokolohua ʻelua-mahina ma waena ʻO Tayninh [Tây Ninh] a Saigon [Sài Gòn]. ʻO kekahi e nā kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa e hele ana i ke ala mai nā alanui ʻO Tayninh [Tây Ninh] ka Saigon [Sài Gòn], ke kahea aku nei Godauha [ʻO Gō Dầu Hạ] a ʻO Trangbang [ʻO Trảng Bàng]. Aia kona kikowaena o nā alahele:
ʻElua mau alanui:
- mai ka ʻO Tayninh [Tây Ninh] ka Saigon [Sài Gòn], ʻo kekahi o ia mea, ʻo ke ala hele kaiaulu 12, e hoʻomau ʻia e ka ala kolone 1, e lawelawe ana i nā kikowaena o ʻO Trangbang [ʻO Trảng Bàng] a Godauha [ʻO Gō Dầu Hạ]. ʻO Tayninh [Tây Ninh] he 99 km, ʻO Trangbang [ʻO Trảng Bàng] 49 km a Godauha [ʻO Gō Dầu Hạ] 60 km mai Saigon [Sài Gòn] aia ma ke alahele Saigon-Pnom Penh [ʻO Sài Gòn-Pnôm Pênh];
- ʻElua mau ala i ke alakaʻi ʻia ʻana Pnom Penh [Pnôm Pênh], ia ala kolone 1 hala e Godauha [ʻO Gō Dầu Hạ], a me ke ala huina 13 mai ʻO Tayninh [Tây Ninh] nei, i ʻO Soairieng [ʻO Soài Riéng], komo pū i ke ala kolone 1 alakaʻi i Pnom Penh [Pnôm Pênh]. E haʻalele ka mokuʻāina ma ke ala a pau, pono ke hele ma kahi o ka moku, akā e hoʻololi koke ʻia ia e kahi alahaka;
- Hele kekahi ala ʻē aʻe ʻO Tayninh [Tây Ninh] ka Kedoi [Kẻ Đôi], kauā ma kahi e kū ana ma ka wāwae o Nui Ba Den [nūi Bà Đen], 15 km mai ʻO Tayninh [Tây Ninh]. Hohele kēia ala:
a) kahi ala, 8.700 km ka lōʻihi, ke hele nei i ke kuahiwi o ke kuahiwi, kahi e loaʻa ai kahi wāwae-hele iā ʻoe i nā pagoda e ʻike ai ʻoe i ka "Nā ʻeleʻeleʻele”, Kahi punahele punahele no ka hele malihini;
b) i kahi e ala i ka hana kūkulu ʻia, ukali ʻia e ke ala e hiki ai i ka hopena kiʻekiʻe o ka Nui Ba Den [nūi Bà Đen];
4. Ke ala alanui 13, holo mai ʻO Tayninh [Tây Ninh] i ka Saigon [Sài Gòn] ka muliwai, a mai i keia mai a hiki aku i ka panalaau o Kauwauna [Thủ Đầu Một], nani loa, e like me ke ala e hiki ai ʻO Soairieng [ʻO Soài Riéng], ka hele pinepine ʻana i ka ululāʻau région piha i ka pāʻani;
5. He alanui, 15 km ka lōʻihi, mai ʻO Trangbang [ʻO Trảng Bàng] ka ʻO Bungbinh [ʻO Bùng Binh], mai kahi aia i ka manawa maloo, aia kahi mākaʻi, kūwili i nā kapa o nā Saigon [Sài Gòn] wai;
6. He ala, 1 km ma mua o ke kaona o ʻO Trangbang [ʻO Trảng Bàng], hoʻopili aku i ka ala kolone 1, me nā alanui ʻau moku o ka Cho Lon [Chợ Lớn].
Ma waho aʻe o kēia mau ala nui, ʻo ka mokuʻāina:
a) ke ala e holo ai Xom Vinh [ʻO Xóm Vinh], kapae kahi ma ka 4 km wale nō, akā hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e nā kaʻa kaʻa i ka manawa maloʻo, kahi ala e hele ana ma kahi keʻena pāʻani a hiki i kahi e kipa aku ai i ka hale kiaʻi o ʻO Chot Mat [ʻO Chột Mắt];
b)ʻO Kauahi [Ma kahi Điền] ala kokoke i kahi mele i loaʻa nā kiʻi o nā kiʻi kuʻuna.
II. Hoikehonua Paʻa
HE MANAʻU KUPUNA
ʻO Tayninh [Tây Ninh], he mea poepoe wale ia (Phu) o ka panalaau o ʻO Giadinh [Gia Định], ma lalo o ke aupuni Annamite, ua hoʻokumu ʻia i wahi panalāʻau i ka lā 14 o ʻApelilath 1862 e Admiral BONNARD. Ua māhele ʻia kēia mokuna i ʻelua māhele. ʻO Thaibinh [ʻO Thái Bình] a ʻO Trangbang [ʻO Trảng Bàng]; ka mea mua i kahi ʻoihana haukapila ma lalo o ke alakaʻi a ke kauka, a ʻo ka lua kahi kauka ma lalo o ke kauka maoli.
PALAPALA
Noho paʻa ʻia ka poʻe he 93.000 wale nō. ʻO Trangbang [ʻO Trảng Bàng] a Godauha [ʻO Gō Dầu Hạ], aia nō he 100, 50 a 78 km mai Saigon [Sài Gòn]. Ka helu ʻana o ka heluna kanaka:
Nā inoa inoa: 80707, nā Kukiopa: 9457, Cham: 1110, Chinses: 781, Minh Huong: 377, ʻEulopa: 87, ʻĀina: 31; Uwau: 92550.
III. Hoikehonua
ʻAʻole i hana ʻia kahi ʻoihana nui. ʻO ka waiwai nui o ka ʻāina ʻo ia ka mahiʻai a me ka hopu.
ʻO ka mea makemake e hele i luna o nā māla a me ke kōkua i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā huahana, hiki ke loaʻa ʻikepili e like me ke kanu ʻana i ka hevea (laholio) nā mea kanu, nā kō, kahe (keiki-ʻāpala), e like me ka hana ʻana o kūmubber, ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o ke kō a me nā aila ʻaila. Hiki iā lākou ke hana maʻalahi i kahi manaʻo o nā kumu waiwai o ka ʻāina e pili ana i nā wahie ahi a me nā lāʻau lāʻau no ke kālai ʻana.
FAUNA A ME FlORA
Ke hele ʻole nei i nā kikoʻī, pono e kāohi i nā ʻano o nā ʻano like ʻole i hālāwai me nā wahi āpau. He nui nā pepeke, nā lika, nā koʻo, nā kahe, nā mea ʻike manu, i nui ka nui o nā manu, i waena o ia mau mele e ʻike ʻia ai ka tiger aliʻi, nā ʻano nui o ka rhinocerus, a me nā ʻano nui. I waena o nā manu ua loaʻa i ka calao a i nā aihue a me ka aeto. I waena o nā pepeke he nui o cicindcla (tigle-manu) a me nā kalē, a me nā mea i ʻike ʻia e ka inoa o "ʻO Coq des Bois”Iā wai, me kā lākou mālamalama keʻokeʻo ke ʻano o ka pua.
E like me ka Flora, i kapa ʻia kēia ʻano e nā ʻano ʻehā a me nā ʻano ʻano orchid he nui.
IV. He mōʻaukala
Kūpono loa nā palapala kūhelu i ka hewa a hiki i ke kau ʻana i kahi mōʻaukala pono.
I ka makahiki 1850, he Annamite mandarin HUYNH DUONG GIANG [Huỳnh Đường Giang], ka mea i hoomalu i ka moku, ua leleia e ka poe Kiki. Ke noʻonoʻo nei i kona kūʻē ʻana, maikaʻi ʻole ʻo ia, a me kāna mea hoʻopuka hoʻi iā Chanh Tong [ʻO Chánh Tổng], hoʻopaʻi hala. Ua kūkulu ʻia kahi pagoda i kāna hoʻomanaʻo i ʻO Tra Vong [ʻO Trà Vông], a malaila, he hana hoʻomanaʻo kahi mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai i kēlā me kēia makahiki. I kēia manawa manawa ʻo Annamite mai Annam, nona ʻo DANG VAN DUA [Ng Văn Đua], e noho ana i ka hapa hema o ke kalana, a hookupaa ʻO Trangbang [ʻO Trảng Bàng], kahi i kūkulu ʻia ai kahi luakini i kāna hoʻomanaʻo ʻana. I ka manawa Peʻa Farani, he mandarin o ʻO Tayninh [Tây Ninh], inoa ʻo KHAM TAN TUONG [Kâm Tấn Tường], hōʻole ana i ka hoʻouna ʻana, a holo ma ka ʻO Phu An Hele [ʻo Phú An] (he kauhale ma Hao Duoc [Hào Đước]) a hōʻuluʻulu ʻia i kēlā me kēia o nā mea hana. Kahi ʻia lākou i ka papaha, a me ko kā lākou hōʻemi ʻana i pili me ka make ʻana o Kham Tan Tuong i ka makahiki 1860, ua hōʻailona ka hopena o ka pale ʻana o Annamite.
ʻO ka poʻe Cambodians i lalo o Champa, ua lawe i ke kula a ua hele ʻO Tayninh [Tây Ninh], a ma 7 a Iune 1566 ma ʻO Truong Voi [Trường Voi] ua hele aku ma ka hui pū me nā pūʻali koa Farani, ma muli o ka nalowale ʻana o Kāpena LARCLAUSE a me Lese Kūkulu, ʻo 8 nā mea koa a me nā koa. Ua hoʻouna ʻia nā mea hoʻihoʻi ma hope o kēia hakakā ʻana, ma lalo o ke kauoha a Lt. Colonel MARCHAISE. Ua hana ma kahi lua i ka lā 14 Iune 1866 ma Puʻu lepo [Bungng Dung] (he kauhale ma Hao Duoc [Hào Đước]). Ua hopena ia i ka defest o Champa, akāʻo ke kumukūʻai o nā ola of Lt. Colonel MARCHAISE. ʻO Kāpena BEXJAMEN a me 13 mau koa NCO a me nā koa o ka hui 58 o ka poʻe ʻekolund regiment o ka Malina.
BAN TU THƯ
4 / 2020
KA MANAʻO:
1: ʻO Marcel Georges Bernanoise (1884-1952) - Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Painter ma Valenciennes - ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Palani. Hōʻuluʻulu o ke ola a me kāu ʻoihana:
+ 1905-1920: Ke hana nei ma Indochina a ka luna ʻĀina i ke Kiaʻāina o Indochina;
+ 1910: Kumu ma Kula Hikina Loa o Palani;
+ 1913: Ka papa noi i nā ʻano kanaka maoli a me ka paʻi ʻana i ka nui o nā ʻatikala kākau ʻōlelo;
+ 1920: Ua hoʻi ʻo ia i Palani a hoʻonohonoho i nā hōʻikeʻike kiʻi ma Nancy (1928), Paris (1929) - nā kiʻi pena ʻāina e pili ana iā Lorraine, Pyrenees, Paris, Midi, Villefranche-sur-mer, Saint-Tropez, Ytalia, a me kekahi mau mea hoʻomanaʻo. mai ka Hikina Loa mai;
+ 1922: Ke paʻi nei i nā puke e pili ana i nā hana hoʻonaninani ma Tonkin, Indochina;
+ 1925: Lanakila i kahi makana nui ma ka Hōʻikeʻike Kolona ma Marseille, a hana pū me ka mea hoʻolālā o Pavillon de lʻIndochine e hana i kahi o nā mea i loko;
+ 1952: Hōʻailona i ka makahiki 68 a waiho i kahi nui o nā paʻi a me nā kiʻi;
+ 2017: Hoʻokomo ʻia kāna hale kiʻi kiʻi i kāna wā mamo.
E hoʻomaopopo ':
◊ puke “KAHIKI LA”- Marcel Bernanoise - Hong Duc [Hồng Đức] Mea hoʻolaha, Hanoi, 2018.
' wikipedia.org
◊ Nānā i nā hua ʻōlelo Vietnamese i hoʻopuni ʻia ma loko o nā māmele hōʻailona - hoʻonohonoho ʻia e Ban Tu Thu.
NĀ MANAʻO:
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