ʻO ka OU DU o 54 mau pūʻulu moʻokalaleo ma Vietnam

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   At kēia manawa, ka helu ʻo O DU ma mua o 370 poʻe. I ka wā ma mua, noho lākou i nā kauhale o Kim Hoa a ʻO Xop Pot (ʻO Kim Da Commune), a hoʻopuehu i nā kaiāulu pili o Tuong Duong Apana, ʻĀpana ʻo Nghe An. Ua noho hou lākou i kekahi mau kauhale a puni ka waihona wai o ka Kaha kanu Hydroelectricity ʻo Ban Ve. Kāhea ʻia ka O DU ʻO Hat Hat. ^ E Ha yM. No kā ka ʻōlelo a lākou Pūpulu Mon-Khmer.

   FʻO ka mea maʻamau, ua noho ka ʻO DU ma ka mahi slash-and-bum me ka laiki e like me kā lākou meaʻai nui, ʻoiai ʻo ka maize, cassava a me milet ma ke ʻano he meaʻai kōkua. He mea nui nō hoʻi ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana a me ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana i ko lākou ola hoʻokele. Hānai ʻia nā bipi i mea liʻiliʻi e hoʻolako i ka traction, a me nā moa a me nā puaʻa e lawelawe i nā hana hoʻomana a i nā hana hoʻomana a no ka hoʻolauleʻa ʻana i nā mea kipa. Hoʻonui maikaʻi ʻia ko lākou nohona kūlana i kēia manawa. ʻO ka ulana ʻohe a me ka ulana lole ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻohana.

  Tnoho ʻo O DU i loko o nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi. Ma hope o ka male ʻana, hele mai ke kāne mare e noho ma ka hale o kāna wahine no kekahi manawa ma mua o ka hoʻi ʻana i kona hale me nā keiki a me ka wahine. Wahi a ka ʻO Du ʻalemanaka, kahakaha ʻia kahi makahiki hou e ka hekili mua o ka hekili i ka wā mua o ka puna. Manaʻoʻiʻo lākou he ʻuhane ko ka poʻe, ma hope o ka make, lilo i mau ʻuhane. E lilo nā kūpuna āpau i mau ʻuhane hale ma hope o ko lākou make ʻana.

   Ti ka lā, hoʻomau ka hoʻomau o ka ʻO DU i ko lākou ʻike pilikino e pili ana i ko lākou lāhui, akā ua aneane nalowale kā lākou ʻōlelo (ʻike wale kekahi mau poʻe i kā lākou ʻōlelo makuahine). Hoʻohana maʻalahi lākou i ka Thai a ʻ Klelo Kho Mu. Uhi ʻia ko lākou ʻike moʻomeheu e nā ʻoliʻoli o ka Thai a me ka Kho Mu.

NĀ MANAʻO:
'  Ke kaiāulu o 54 GROUPS ETHNIC ma Vietnam - Paukū 1.
'  ʻO Ka Pūnaewele BA NA o nā hui 54 Heʻāina ma Vietnam.
'  ʻO ka Bo Y Community o 54 mau pūʻulu kānaka ma Vietnam.
'  ʻO kā BRAU Community o 54 mau pūʻulu kānaka ma Vietnam.
'  Ka Pūnaewele Kaiaulu BRU-VAN KIEU o 54 mau pūʻulu kānaka ma Vietnam.
'  ʻO kā CHO RO Community o 54 mau pūʻulu kānaka ma Vietnam.
'  ʻO kā CO HO Community o 54 mau pūʻulu moʻokalaleo ma Vietnam.
'  ʻO CONG Community o nā hui 54 heʻāina ma Vietnam.
'  ʻO kā CHUT Community o 54 mau pūʻulu kānaka ma Vietnam.
'  ʻO ka CHU RU Community o 54 mau pūʻulu kānaka ma Vietnam.
'  ʻO kā CHAM Community o nā hui 54 heʻohana ma Vietnam.
'  ʻO ka DAO Community o 54 mau pūʻulu hui ma Vietnam.
'  ʻO ke kaiāulu o GIAY o 54 mau pūʻulu kānaka ma Vietnam.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo): CONG DONG 54 Dan toc Viet Nam - Phan 1.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo) me ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele ((Pūnaewele)Pūnaewele-Pūnaewele):  Nguoi BA NA trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo) me ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele ((Pūnaewele)Pūnaewele-Pūnaewele):  Nguoi bo Y trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em O Viet Nam.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo) me ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele ((Pūnaewele)Pūnaewele-Pūnaewele):  Nguoi BRAU trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em O Viet Nam.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo) me ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele ((Pūnaewele)Pūnaewele-Pūnaewele):  Nguoi BRU-VAN KIEU trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo) me ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele ((Pūnaewele)Pūnaewele-Pūnaewele):  Nguoi ma RO trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em O Viet Nam.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo) me ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele ((Pūnaewele)Pūnaewele-Pūnaewele):  Nguoi CHAM trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em O Viet Nam.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo) me ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele ((Pūnaewele)Pūnaewele-Pūnaewele):  Nguoi CHU RU trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em O Viet Nam.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo) me ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele ((Pūnaewele)Pūnaewele-Pūnaewele):  Nguoi CHUT trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em O Viet Nam.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo) me ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele ((Pūnaewele)Pūnaewele-Pūnaewele):  Nguoi CONG trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em O Viet Nam.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo) me ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele ((Pūnaewele)Pūnaewele-Pūnaewele):  Nguoi DAO trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em O Viet Nam.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo) me ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele ((Pūnaewele)Pūnaewele-Pūnaewele):  Nguoi GIAY trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em O Viet Nam.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo) me ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele ((Pūnaewele)Pūnaewele-Pūnaewele):  Nguoi GIA RAI trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em O Viet Nam.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo) me ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele ((Pūnaewele)Pūnaewele-Pūnaewele):  Nguoi HOA trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo) me ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele ((Pūnaewele)Pūnaewele-Pūnaewele):  Nguoi KHANG trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em O Viet Nam.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo) me ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele ((Pūnaewele)Pūnaewele-Pūnaewele):  Nguoi KHMER trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
◊ etc.

BAN TU THU
08 / 2020

noka:
¹ :… Ke hōʻano hou nei…

KA MANAʻO:
◊ Puna & Kiʻi:  54 Hui Pūʻulu ʻē ma Vietnam, Thong Tan Publisher, 2008.
Ban Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ʻo Ban Tu Thu e nā leka uila a me nā ʻaoʻao mele a pau. ma kahi o ka mea