Ke Aupuni VAN LANG (2879 BC - 258 BC, 2621 makahiki)
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P. HUARD1 & M. DURAND2
Ohiki i luna Phong Châu, ke kanalima mau keiki a ʻAu Cơ3 koho ʻia ko lākou kaikuaʻana mōʻī o ka ʻO Hùng Dynasty.
Tʻo ka pāpale ka mea mua mōʻī Hùng ka mea i noho aliʻi ma luna ʻO Văn Lang, ke aupuni vietnamese mua. ʻO ka ʻO Văn Lang, me kāna mau palena kūpono ʻole i hoʻonui ʻia mai Vietnam i ka Muliwai polū4, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia e ka poʻe kahiko Nā hulihonua Pākē. Ma laila, HENRI MASPERO5 ua koho ʻia ka ʻO Văn Lang of nā mea kākau moʻolelo vietnamese, ʻo ia wale nō ke aupuni kahiko o Ye-lang (Dạ Lang), aia ma ka Hema o Ke kai wai ʻo Tong-Tʻing ka inoa i heluhelu hewa ʻia a kuhi hewa ʻia e ʻO nā mea kākau moʻolelo Tang Kina nāna i hoʻoili i kā lākou, kuhi hewa i kā lākou nā hoapili vietnamese. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ke ʻano Ye (D) hiki ke kiʻi hewa ʻia ʻo Wen (ʻO Văn) a ʻo ia ke kumu i huikau ai ma waena ʻO Ye-Lang a ʻO Wen-Lang. Aia ma ke ʻano o ka uku, a ʻO Văn Lang Aia ma ke kūkulu hema, ma ka ʻaoʻao septentrional o kēia lā Central Vietnam; ʻo ia paha ʻO Văn-Lang a nā mea kākau i hoʻohoka ai i ka Ye-lang a manaʻo he arc hoʻokahi kēia mau aupuni ʻelua.
VʻO Lang,'o ka mua aupuni vietnamese, pono e noho i kahi panalāʻau i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma mua o ko ka ʻO Xích Quỷ. ʻO ka papa inoa o nā ʻāpana i hāʻawi nui ʻia e nā moʻolelo like ʻole a me nā kaʻao ʻaʻole pili pū kekahi panalāʻau e pili ana Ke kai wai ʻo Tong-Tʻing6. ʻAʻole hele i waho nā ʻāpana he ʻumikūmālua Kouang-si a Kouang-tong ma ka ʻĀkau.
The ʻO Văn Lang loa kona ola ʻana. Ua hoʻoili ʻia ʻo Il Hùng Nā Aliʻi mai ka manawa kaʻao a 257 BC, ka lā o kona hoʻohui ʻāina e ʻO ka Dương Vương7, kahi keiki aliʻi o Pa-Chou (Ba Thục).
Tʻike ʻo ia e hiki iā mākou ke ʻākoakoa ʻO Văn Lang nā hui politika a me ke ola kaiaulu i kāʻili ʻia mai Nā huaʻōlelo Pākē, ʻaʻole ma mua o 4th kenekulia o ko mākou au, a mai Nā huaʻōlelo Vietnamese hou aku nei (14th kenekulia) akā e hōʻike ana i nā mea maoli a me nā manaʻoʻiʻo.
Tpilikia ʻo ia i ke kuhi ʻana i kahi papaʻaina o ke ola o kēia aupuni i ka paʻakikī e hoʻoponopono ai i ka wā, a i ʻole i ka ʻāpana o nā kenekulia e hiki ai ke kūpono. ʻO ka Moʻokūʻauhau Hùng noho aliʻi paha ma kahi o hoʻokahi tausani mau makahiki, inā mākou e ʻae i ka awelika o kanalima mau makahiki no kēlā me kēia noho aliʻi; ʻoiai ka manaʻo hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo ma ʻO ko Văn Lang ola ʻana aia i loko o kekahi mau moʻolelo i hoʻopuehu ʻia a me kekahi mau kaʻao i hoʻomaka ʻia kahi noiʻi koʻikoʻi e HENRY MASPERO. Ma ka 18 Nā mōʻī Heluhelu ʻia e ka moʻomeheu, he kakaikahi kā mākou onomastical a me ka pololei o ka wā.
Ae loaʻa nā alaloa o ka tableau laulā, no ka mea, i ka makahiki 1000 BC, a i ʻole 300 BC. Ma waho aʻe, he ʻano nui loa o kēlā mau ʻano i pili i nā wā ma hope o Aupuni Văn Lang a ua hoʻohuli ʻia paha iā ia e nā mea kākau vietnamese o ka 14th a me 15th nā kenekulia.
The Aupuni Văn-Lang, inā manaʻoʻiʻo kekahi i nā huaʻōlelo, he mokuʻāina feudal, hoʻonohonoho hierarchically akā hoʻokaʻawale ʻia. Ua waiho ʻia ma lalo o ka aulorily o a Hūng (ʻaʻano koa) ai ʻole (Lạc) ke alii ka mea i koho mua ʻia no kona koa a me kona koa. ʻO kēlā mua Ali Hng noho aliʻi ma Phong Châu8, kahi i waiho ʻia i kēia lā ʻO Bạch Hạc. ʻO ia ka hiapo a Lạc Long Quân, ke kupuna o ka Haneri Yue (Việt) ie kēia lā Wiekanama, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea pale genie o kēlā moʻokūʻauhau vietnamese mua. Ka mua Ali Hng mahele ka ʻO Văn Lang panalāʻau i nā ʻāpana i haʻi ʻia i kona mau hoahānau ʻo ia paha ka Lạc Marquis (Lạc Hầu a i ʻole he mau aliʻi civila).
Tua mahele ʻia nā ʻāpana kaola i mau palapala i hāʻawi ʻia i nā kaikaina o ke aliʻi a i ʻole i ka poʻe i ka ʻohana aliʻi.Lạc Tướng A i ʻole nā aliʻi koa). Ua kāhea ʻia nā panalāʻau i noho ʻia e kēlā mau Haku Lạc Điền.
Pnā hana ublic e like me ka mōʻī, marquis, nā pūkaua (a i ʻole nā aliʻi) me he mea lā he hoʻoilina. Ua loaʻa i nā keiki kāne a ke aliʻi ka inoa o Kuan-Lang a ua kāhea ʻia nā wahine Mệ Hana or Mỵ Nương9. Ua hoʻohālikelike ka poʻe i kēlā ʻoihana politika i ka ʻōnaehana feudal e kū nei i kēia manawa kaime i nā ʻāpana o nā wahi waena a kiʻekiʻe o North Vietnam, ʻo ia hoʻi, me ka Mường10 he hierarchy kā kekahi o nā aliʻi hoʻoilina, i hui ʻia ma waena o lākou e nā mea paʻa o ka vassality a me ka noho aliʻi. ʻO nā kamaʻāina o ʻO Văn Lang ua hōʻea i kekahi kekelē o ka lāhui. Ke hoʻoili nei i nā ʻenehana o kā lākou ʻO Xích Quỷ kūpuna, ua hoʻomaikaʻi lākou iā lākou a hana i nā mea hou. He poʻe mahiʻai lākou i hoʻohana i ke ahi e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā ʻāina, a me nā ʻoi e ʻōʻō. A laila hele mai lākou e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka ʻoki a me ke ahi ʻana i nā kuhukū; ua lūlū lākou a hōʻiliʻili i ka laiki lāliʻi a me ka palu ʻole (E ʻike i ka moʻolelo o Bánh Chưng). ʻO lākou, kuke mua i kā lākou raiki i nā paipu ʻohe, a laila hele mai e hoʻohana i nā ipu lepo a me nā ipu hao. Ua ʻike lākou e pili ana i ke keleawe. He lawaiʻa nō hoʻi lākou a he mau luina hoʻi. Ua kākau lākou a pena i ko lākou kino i nā kiʻi o nā deragona (crocodiles a i ʻole alligators), nā nahesa a me nā holoholona wai ʻē aʻe e hōʻoia iā lākou iho i kahi pale hoʻokalakupua i kēlā mau holoholona a lākou i makaʻu ai i ka hoʻouka ʻana. Me kahi pahuhopu like, huki lākou i kā lākou mau moku a me nā moku i nā poʻo a me nā maka o nā moʻo wai. ʻO ko lākou lole i hana mua ʻia me nā olonā lau. Ulana lākou i moena. Kūkulu ʻia ko lākou mau hale i kahi kiʻekiʻe e pale aku i nā hoʻouka holoholona hihiu āpau. Hānau lākou, e like me kekahi Nā huaʻōlelo Pākē, nā lauoho lōʻihi i ka chignon i mālama ʻia e kahi papale. Wahi a kekahi mau kaao vietnamese i loaʻa iā lākou, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē, nā lauoho pōkole e like me "kōkua i ko lākou hele wāwae i nā ululāʻau mauna". Hoʻohana lākou i nā hua-areca a me ka betel. ʻAʻole hōʻike akāka ʻia ka ʻeleʻele o nā niho i ka kaao o ka betel a me ka areca-nul a i ʻole ka kaʻao o ka Cao (ʻO Cau) ʻohana, akā nui nā poʻe ʻatikala vietnamese e hoʻihoʻi ia i kēlā wā kahiko. He poʻe haipule lākou a hana i nā mōhai kanaka i kū a hiki i ka 10th kenekulia o ko mākou au, a ua kāohi ʻia kēlā mau hana e ʻO King Đinh Tiên Hoàng11. ʻO nā male ma waena o lākou e like me ka manuahi a manuahi hoʻi i ka wā proprer. He mea nui ka Betel a me ka areca-nut i ka hoʻopapa. ʻO nā hana ma ka male ʻana he mōhai a me kahi ʻahaʻaina ma mua o kona hoʻopau ʻana.
If manaʻoʻiʻo kekahi i nā kaao vietnamese, i ka wā o ke au o Nā mōʻī a i ka hopena paha o ko lākou moʻokūʻauhau, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā pilina pili ʻole me ʻOhana aʻoi aku paha me ka Kai Hema. ka Kaao o ka Wai Melon me he mea lā e hōʻike ana i ka hōʻea ʻana i Vietnam o nā haole o kahi lāhui ʻē aʻe i lawe mai i nā ʻanoʻano, a ʻo kēia paha ma ke kai (3rd kenekulia BC.?).
E hoʻomaopopo ' :
1: PIERRE HUARD (16 'Okakopa 1901, Bosnia - 28 ʻApelila 1983) he kauka Farani (kaukukō a me ka anatomist), ka mea kākau moʻolelo o ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka anthropologist, lōʻihi i ka pou ma Indochina, dean o kekahi mau kumu o ka lāʻau (ʻO Hanoï, Palisa), rector o ka Ke Kula Nuiʻo Félix Houphouët-Boigny, he paionia ma ka moolelo o ka lapaau. (E ʻike i nā kikoʻī āpau: P. HUARD)
2: ʻO MAURICE DURAND kahi linguist French-Vietnamese i hānau ʻia ma Hanoi. (E ʻike i nā kikoʻī āpau: M. DURAND)
3: ÂU CƠ (嫗 姬) ʻo ia, e like me ka kaʻao hana o ka Nā kānaka Vietnamese, he moʻo mauna make ʻole i male Lạc Long Quân ("E Nihi Ka Haku o Lac"), A hānau i kahi ʻeke huamoa i kū i nā keiki he haneli i ʻike like ʻia ʻO Bách Việt, kūpuna i ka Nā kānaka Vietnamese. (E ʻike i nā kikoʻī āpau: ÂU CÆ)
4: ʻO ka muliwai polū: ano Ka muliwai ʻo Yangtze, i kekahi manawa kapa ʻia ʻo ka Kahawai Blue i nā ʻōlelo Pelekane kahiko. ʻO ka ʻO Yangtze or ʻO Yangzi (English: / ˈJæŋtsi / a i ʻole / ˈjɑːŋtsi /) ka muliwai lōʻihi loa (6,300 km # 3,900 mii Asia, ke kolu o ka lōʻihi o ka honua a ʻo ka lōʻihi loa i ka honua e kahe holoʻokoʻa ana i loko o hoʻokahi ʻāina. Piʻi ia ma Hill ʻO Jari i ka Nā mauna ʻo Tanggula (Pālaha Tibet) a kahe i 6,300 km (3,900 mi) i kahi kuhikuhi hikina i ke Kai Kina Hikina. ʻO ia ke ono o ka nui o nā kahawai e ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka honua.
5: HENRI PAUL GASTON MASPERO (15/12/1883, Paris - 17/3/1945, ʻO kahi hoʻomoana ʻo Buchenwald, Kelemānia Nazi) he Sinologist Palani a he polofesa nāna i hāʻawi i nā kumuhana like ʻole e pili ana ʻO Asia Hikina. (E ʻike i nā kikoʻī āpau: HENRI PAUL GASTON MASPERO) (E ʻike i nā kikoʻī āpau: HENRI MASPERO)
6: Ke kai wai ʻo Tong-Tʻing or Dongting Lake (Haina: 庭) he moana wai ākea nui ia ma ka ʻākau hikina Ka moku ʻo Hunan, Kina.
7: AN DƯƠNG VƯƠNG ka mōʻī a hoʻokahi wale nō luna o ka aupuni o Âu Lạc, kahi mokuʻāina kahiko i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka Red Delta Delta. ʻOiai ke alakaʻi o ka ʻOhana Viu Vit, ua eo ka hope loa Ali Hng o ka mokuʻāina ʻo Văn Lang a hui pū i kona poʻe - ʻike ʻia ʻo ka Lạc Việt - me kona poʻe ka ʻU Việt. Holo akula kahi Dương Vương a pepehi kanaka ma hope o ke kaua me Nā pūʻali Nanyue i ka makahiki 179 TK (E nānā i nā kikoʻī a pau: HE HOʻOPIʻI)
8: Phong Châu (峯 州, Apana ʻo Bạch Hạc, Việt Trì, Panalāʻau Phú Thọ i kēia lā) ʻo ia ka kulanakauhale nui o Văn Lang (i kēia manawa ʻo Vietnam Nam) no ka hapa nui o ka H .ng Bāng wā,1 mai ka Ke kolu ʻĀina aliʻi i ka Na Aliʻi ʻUmikumamāwalu of Nā mōʻī.
9: Mỵ Nương (Pākē: 媚 娘 a i ʻole 媚 嬝) kahi poʻo inoa i hoʻohana ʻia i ka Wā Hong Bang e kuhikuhi i ke kaikamahine a ka ʻO nā aliʻi Hung. (E nānā i nā kikoʻī a pau: MỴ NƯƠNG)
10: Ka Mường (Wiekanama: Người Mường) ai ʻole Mwai he lāhui lāhui maoli i Vietnam ʻākau. ka Kaomi ʻo ia ka ʻāina ʻekolu o nā hui liʻiliʻi he 53, me ka heluna kānaka o 1.45 miliona (e like me ka helu kanaka o 2019). ʻO Kanaka Muong noho i ka ʻāina mauna o Vietnam ʻākau, pili i Panalāʻau ʻo Hòa Bình a me na apana kuahiwi o Ka moku ʻo Thanh Hóa. Pili loa lākou i ka lāhui Vietnamese (Weliweli). (E nānā i nā kikoʻī a pau: MƯỜNG)
11: ĐINH BỘ LĨNH (924–979) (r. 968-979), inoa inoa Hoinh Hoàn (丁 桓 1), ʻo ia ka mua Emepela Vietnamese mamuli o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia o ka ʻāina mai ka noho aliʻi o ka ʻO ka moʻokūʻauhau Han Hema Pake, a me ka mea hoʻokumu o ka wā pōkole ʻĀina Aliʻi Đinh a kahi mea koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ʻO ke kūʻokoʻa o Vietnam a me ka lokahi politika i ka 10 mau kenekulia. (E nānā i nā kikoʻī a pau: ĐINH TIÊN HOÀNG)
noka :
Ources Nā Kumuwaiwai: Connaissance du Vietnam - P. HUARD. Hanoi, 1954.
◊ Kiʻi: wikipedia.com.
' ʻO ke poʻo poʻo, nā kūmole, nā hua nui, wiwo ʻole, nā leka uila, nā kiʻi sepia i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e Ban Tu Thư - ma kahi o ka mea
BAN TU THƯ
6 / 2021