ʻO ka MANG Community o 54 mau pūʻulu moʻokalaka ma Vietnam

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   Ma mua o 2,634 ka poʻe MANG e noho ana i kekahi o nā ʻāpana he ʻekolu o ka Sin Ho, Muong Te, a ʻO Phong Tho (Kūʻai ʻo Lai Chau¹) a me ka Mahele o Muong Cha (Maʻa Bien²).). ʻO nā MANG kekahi inoa ʻē aʻe e like me Mang U, Xa La vang a ʻO Xa Xam kāmela.

   Ma mua, ua hana ka MANG i ka māla slash-and-bum. ʻO ka palaoa a me ka laiki ka meaʻai ʻai kā lākou. Ua hoʻohana lākou i nā lako kīhāpai rudimentary e like me ke koʻi, nā pahi a me nā lāʻau dlggng. I kēia manawa, I kekahi mau wahi, kanu ka MANG i ka ʻuala ma nā pā kī i ka ʻ mannerlelo Thai. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka MANG puaʻa huluhulu a me nā moa e hāʻawi i ka meaʻai a me nā ʻālana i ka hana a me ka pono. ʻO Basketry kahi pākaha nui e hana i nā mea no kā lākou hoʻohana, no ke kūʻai a kūʻai aku paha.

   I ka wā i hala, ua noho ʻia ka MANG e like me nā kūʻauhau. Ua hoʻonohonoho kēlā me kēia kuʻina i kahi ʻokoʻa. ʻO ke aliʻi o ke kauhale, me ka ʻaha kūkā o nā kūpuna kauhale, ke kuleana piha no kāna hana kaiāulu. Noho ka MANG i nā nous-on-stilts. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻaʻahu kāne i kahi kapa komo pokole i wehe ʻia i mua a me nā pālule. Hoʻokomo nā wahine i ka lōʻihi lōʻihi e wehe i mua a me kahi ʻāpana keʻokeʻo i kāhiko ʻia me nā kumu like ʻole.

   Young Nā kāne Mang a na wahine manuahi lākou e koho i kā lākou hoa ponoʻī. Hāpai ka ʻohana o ke kāne i ka male. Wahi a nā loina, hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi hakakā hilahila ma waena o nā ʻohana ʻelua e hopu i ka wahine i ka lā i lawe ʻia mai ai ka wahine mai kāna ʻohana.

   I ka Nā manaʻo cosmogonic a Mang, ka lani o Mea nana i hana ke aliʻi ana i mea kiʻekiʻe loa. ʻO ka lani kiʻekiʻe loa kahi o nā ʻano genies; ka honua ka honua o nā kānaka a me nā ʻuhane. ʻOiai aia lākou ma lalo o nā mana o ka Thai, Ha Nhi a Mona, ua mālama ka MANG i kā lākou mea moʻomeheu moʻomeheu. O ka Ka'ōlelo Mang no na Pūpulu Mon-Khmer². ^ E Ha yM. Loaʻa iā lākou nā hana a me nā kuʻuna.

   ʻO ke kūpeʻe kaulina, nā ʻōkuhi Initiation no nā kāne makua a me nā folksongs e hōʻike i kā lākou moʻomeheu lōʻihi.

NĀ MANAʻO:
'  Ke kaiāulu o 54 GROUPS ETHNIC ma Vietnam - Paukū 1.
'  ʻO Ka Pūnaewele BA NA o nā hui 54 Heʻāina ma Vietnam.
'  ʻO ka Bo Y Community o 54 mau pūʻulu kānaka ma Vietnam.
'  ʻO kā BRAU Community o 54 mau pūʻulu kānaka ma Vietnam.
'  Ka Pūnaewele Kaiaulu BRU-VAN KIEU o 54 mau pūʻulu kānaka ma Vietnam.
'  ʻO kā CHO RO Community o 54 mau pūʻulu kānaka ma Vietnam.
'  ʻO kā CO HO Community o 54 mau pūʻulu moʻokalaleo ma Vietnam.
'  ʻO CONG Community o nā hui 54 heʻāina ma Vietnam.
'  ʻO kā CHUT Community o 54 mau pūʻulu kānaka ma Vietnam.
'  ʻO ka CHU RU Community o 54 mau pūʻulu kānaka ma Vietnam.
'  ʻO kā CHAM Community o nā hui 54 heʻohana ma Vietnam.
'  ʻO ka DAO Community o 54 mau pūʻulu hui ma Vietnam.
'  ʻO ke kaiāulu o GIAY o 54 mau pūʻulu kānaka ma Vietnam.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo): CONG DONG 54 Dan toc Viet Nam - Phan 1.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo) me ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele ((Pūnaewele)Pūnaewele-Pūnaewele):  Nguoi BA NA trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo) me ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele ((Pūnaewele)Pūnaewele-Pūnaewele):  Nguoi bo Y trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em O Viet Nam.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo) me ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele ((Pūnaewele)Pūnaewele-Pūnaewele):  Nguoi BRAU trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em O Viet Nam.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo) me ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele ((Pūnaewele)Pūnaewele-Pūnaewele):  Nguoi BRU-VAN KIEU trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo) me ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele ((Pūnaewele)Pūnaewele-Pūnaewele):  Nguoi ma RO trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em O Viet Nam.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo) me ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele ((Pūnaewele)Pūnaewele-Pūnaewele):  Nguoi CHAM trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em O Viet Nam.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo) me ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele ((Pūnaewele)Pūnaewele-Pūnaewele):  Nguoi CHU RU trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em O Viet Nam.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo) me ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele ((Pūnaewele)Pūnaewele-Pūnaewele):  Nguoi CHUT trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em O Viet Nam.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo) me ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele ((Pūnaewele)Pūnaewele-Pūnaewele):  Nguoi CONG trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em O Viet Nam.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo) me ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele ((Pūnaewele)Pūnaewele-Pūnaewele):  Nguoi DAO trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em O Viet Nam.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo) me ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele ((Pūnaewele)Pūnaewele-Pūnaewele):  Nguoi GIAY trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em O Viet Nam.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo) me ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele ((Pūnaewele)Pūnaewele-Pūnaewele):  Nguoi GIA RAI trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em O Viet Nam.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo) me ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele ((Pūnaewele)Pūnaewele-Pūnaewele):  Nguoi HOA trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo) me ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele ((Pūnaewele)Pūnaewele-Pūnaewele):  Nguoi KHANG trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em O Viet Nam.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo) me ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele ((Pūnaewele)Pūnaewele-Pūnaewele):  Nguoi KHMER trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
◊ etc.

BAN TU THU
08 / 2020

noka:
¹ :… Ke hōʻano hou nei…

KA MANAʻO:
◊ Puna & Kiʻi:  54 Hui Pūʻulu ʻē ma Vietnam, Thong Tan Publisher, 2008.
Ban Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ʻo Ban Tu Thu e nā leka uila a me nā ʻaoʻao mele a pau. ma kahi o ka mea