THU DAU MOT - Cochinchina
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MARCEL BERNANOISE1
I. Hoikehonua Kino
o Kaipo
ʻO ka mokuʻāina o Kauwauna [ʻO Dầu Một] e hoea ana mai ka hema-komohana a i ka akau-hikina i ka lōʻihi o 150 kilomita, a i kahi ākea e kū ana ma waena o 20 a 30 mau km. Paʻi ʻia ma ka ʻākau e Cambodia, ma ka hikina ma ka ʻaoʻao o Bienhoa [ʻO Biên Hoà], ma ka hema e ke komohana o ʻO Giadinh [Gia Định] a ma ke komohana e ka poe o ʻO Giadinh [Gia Định] a ʻO Tayninh [Tây Ninh].
GEOLOGI
Ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻāina āpau o lalo o Cochin-China, ʻo ia hoʻi ka palena hema o ka ʻāina ʻo Alluvial lepo kūpono no kekahi māla. ʻO ka mea hoʻokahi e piʻi i luna i ke kūkulu ʻākau a i ke kūkulu ʻākau, e lilo ana ka lepo i kahi paʻa loa, nui ka pālolo, me nā pae he nui. ʻO kekahi mau moena o Kina-pālolo a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe i ka Pali o Lap Vo i noho ma ke komohana o ka moku. ʻOi aku ka pae ʻākau, loaʻa i ka ʻāina ʻulaʻula maikaʻi loa, maikaʻi loa no ka kanu ʻana i ka hevea, kofe, vanila a me nā pāla ʻaila. ʻElua mau muliwai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka moku o Kauwauna [ʻO Dầu Một]: 1. Ma ka hikina ka Mele mele [ʻO Sông Bé], ka mea e kaawale ana mai k.ka o ka Bienhoa [ʻO Biên Hoà] a lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o 100 km; 2. I ka hema a i komohana, na Saigon [Sài Gòn] ka wai, ka mea hoʻokaʻawale iā ia ʻO Tayninh [Tây Ninh] a mai ʻO Giadinh [Gia Định] no ka 200 km paha.
HULIAU
ʻO ke kūlana o ka mokuʻāina o Kauwauna [ʻO Dầu Một] ma ka ʻaoʻao hema e like like me ko Lower Cochin-Kina me kāna mau ʻelua kūʻa. ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana a me ka hopena o nā ua ua hōʻailona ʻia e nā hekili pinepine a me ka uha ʻole loa. I nā aniani ʻO Budop [Ùp], kahi ulu lāʻau a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe, ua emi iki ka wela, a ma nā mahina o Dekemapa a me Ianuali ka piʻi a wela ka thermometer ma mua o 22 degrees centigrade.
II. Hoikehonua Paʻa
HE MANAʻU KUPUNA
E noho ʻia ke aupuni ma kahi o nā luna aupuni e noho ana i ke kūlanakauhale aliʻi, nāna e kāohi i ka limahana āpau ʻo ka hoʻokele.
KANAWAI
ʻO nā hihia pili ʻole i kū ʻia e nā mākaʻi maʻamau ma lalo o ka pelekikena o ka luna alakaʻi o ka mokuʻāina, ua ʻōlelo ʻia i ka Luna Hoʻokō o ke Aupuni i ka Bienhoa [ʻO Biên Hoà], aia kahi koina o ka hoʻoponopono me nā mana ākea.
KA ʻĀNOLELOLI KENOKOHE MA ONG YEM
ʻO kēia hoʻokumu, ma lalo o ke alakaʻi a nā luna Europa nui, i kōkua ʻia e nā ʻenehana kamaʻāina, e mālama ana i nā keiki liʻiliʻi me nā keiki hewa. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou e hana ma nā hana maʻamau a i ka mālama pono ʻana o nā lāʻau hevea nona nā kalana.
KAHIKI
In Kauwauna [ʻO Dầu Một] ua paiia i ka 2nd pūʻulu koa o nā pana kuʻuna o Annamite.
Koho Moho LOA
Ma ke kūlanakauhale nui aia kahi haukapila ma lalo o ke alakaʻi a kahi kauka Europa, i kōkua ʻia e kekahi kauka kōkua maoli a i ʻole e komo i nā hale mālama hau. Hana ʻia nā hoʻomaikaʻi koʻikoʻi i kēlā me kēia makahiki i nā lawelawe lapaʻau. Aia ka hōkele i nā keʻena no nā mea maʻi leʻaleʻa, a me nā keʻena i hoʻokaʻawale, loaʻa nā lako hou, no ka mea e kau ʻia nā uku. Honquan [Hnn Quản] aia he papa no ka mālama a kekahi kauka maoli. E hoʻohana ʻia nā mau waena wahine ʻeiwa, ʻokoʻa kekahi i loko o ka haukapila, ʻo kekahi ʻāpana i nā home ma ka nunui. ʻO nā huakaʻi maʻi huakaʻi maʻamau e mālama ʻia e ke kauka kamaʻāina. Ua hoʻonohonoho pūʻia kahi lawelawe olakino me nā maʻi manuahi i nā loina nui i ka ʻākau o ka ʻāina. I kahi hihia o nā maʻi koʻikoʻi, akā, hoʻouna nā mea kanu i ko lākou mau lāʻauʻai i ka haukapila ma ke kūlanakauhale nui.
KAHOAINA PUBLIKE
He 87 mau kumu aʻo kumu a i ʻole kiaʻi kiaʻi, ma lalo o ke alakaʻi a ke kauka ʻōlelo Farani. He 3 mau kula mua, he 13 mau kula cantonal a me 25 mau kula kaiāulu.
- Kuhi ʻia ke kula ʻōiwi no nā mea hana lima e aʻo i nā limahana a me nā luna no nā hale hana. Ua aʻo ʻia lākou e nā foreman Annamite ma lalo o ke alakaʻi a kahi luna Farani. Aia i loko o ke kula kahi ʻāpana hoʻoheheʻe, hoʻokahi no ke kālai ʻana, kahi ʻāpana no ke kālai ʻana a hoʻokahi no ke kālai ʻana.
- He kolamu mahiʻai ma lalo o ke alakaʻi a kahi ʻenekinia o ka mahiʻai, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ma ʻO Bencat [ʻO Bến Cát], 25 mau kilomita mai ke kūlanakauhale nui.
NA MANAO O KA HAHOLAHA
Ka apana nahele o Kauwauna [ʻO Dầu Một] ka mahele ʻia i 6 mau apana, ma lalo o kahi luna hoʻomalu, luna nui o ka moku. Kokua ʻia nā luna o nā ʻāpana e nā kahu ʻāina. Kūkulu kēia hui i nā waiwai o ka nahele me kahi pūnaewele o nā kaila i hoʻolaha maikaʻi a ua hana i kahi papa lāʻau nui, ka mea e hoʻopili ai i ka hoʻohana mua ʻana ma o ka hoʻohana mua ʻana, e nā methotdieal a me ka hoʻohana pono ʻole i nā lāʻau. Aia ka lā i loko o ka ʻāina mālama ʻāina 26, e uhi ana he 65.196 heka. 21 o kēia mau mālama, e hōʻike ana i kahi papa o 46.800 hepa, ua ʻike ʻia a ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā palena.
POS KA ʻELPAʻI
Aia ka luna nui o ka luna ma ka moku nui me ka lawelawe leka, a aia nā keʻena ma ke kula ʻO Laithieu [Lai Kieu], ʻO Bencat [ʻO Bến Cát], Honquan [Hnn Quản], Locninh [Lộc Ninh] a ʻO Budop [Ùp].
PALAPALA
ʻO ka mokuʻāina o Kauwauna [ʻO Dầu Một] he lehulehu e pili ana i 128.000. Hiki i kekahi ke helu i ka 110.000 Annamites, 3.435 Kina a i ʻole ʻO Minh Huong [ʻO Minh Hương], 2.469 Nā Kōkoi, 475 ʻ Javaneselelo Java ma nā māla kupapaʻu, 11.000 Mois a me 85 ʻEulopa, nā kānaka kuʻuna, a i ʻole e noho ana.
III. Ka Hoʻokele waiwai
HOʻOHOLO
ʻO ka mokuʻāina o Kauwauna [ʻO Dầu Một] e ʻae ana i nā ʻano hana like ʻole.
kālepa
Hoʻololi maoli ka hana ma waena o ka ʻoihana.
a) Ua kaupalena ʻia nā hoʻouka ʻana me ka māla a me ka hoe, ʻo ka hana maoli a lawa ʻole ʻia nō nā pono maoli, a me nā lako alimentary ʻē aʻe a me ka bakela China;
b) Aia nā mea kūʻai aku i ka hua, ka tobaco, ke kō, nā nīnū, nā mea kanu, nā pottery, ka ipu aniani, ka lāʻau no ka kūkulu ʻana a me ka hoʻomoʻa, nā laterites a me nā hides. ʻO nā ukana i hana ʻia ma ke panalāʻau e ʻimi nui ʻia e nā Annamites o Saigon [Sài Gòn] a me ke komohana. Mahalo nui ʻia ka potika i ke kāʻei ʻana i kona maʻalahi. ʻO nā hua mele o ʻO Giadinh [Gia Định] a Saigon [Sài Gòn] a Cho Lon [Chợ Lớn] huki i ka hapanui o kā lākou hāʻawi ʻana i nā lāʻau no ke kūkulu hale ʻana mai ke kikowaena a me ke kūkulu ʻākau o ka ʻāina. ʻO ka lāʻau no ke kumu hoʻomehana i hoʻouna ʻia i Saigon [Sài Gòn], me ke i ka io na kiaaina. ʻO nā kuʻuna o ʻO kahi Thanh Tay [T Thạnh Tây] a o Naonaona [ʻO Bến Sức] hoʻolako ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki miliona miliona cubic-mita o laterite; ka moku waena a me nā mea o ke komohana e hoʻokaʻawale i nā alanui.
KAHIKAI
ʻO ka mokuʻāina o Kauwauna [ʻO Dầu Một] ʻoi mau nā mea mahiʻai, akā ʻo nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi e loaʻa iā ia. ʻEkolu ʻekolu mau hānai i Kauwauna [ʻO Dầu Một], ma ka hana uila, kau kahi i ʻO Laithieu [Lai Kieu], a elua ma Phucuong [Phú Cường]. Kahi huli kēlā me kēia mika ma kahi awelika he 12.000 ʻehā o ka laiki keʻokeʻo i kēlā me kēia lā. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia e like me nā mea nui, nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe: ʻo ka hana ʻana o ka ʻenehana, hana hoʻomehana gula, potolo, nā pā pōhaku, nā mea nani, nā pā aniani, nā ʻāpana kila, nā mea hana, nā silika, nā ʻeke lime.
Kauʻuwelua
Ma nā kikowaena waena a ʻākau paha loaʻa nā pakanā a me nā manu hānai, nā pheasants, hares, agouti, nā puaʻa, nā pangolin, nā ʻano nui o nā moʻo, nā puʻu-faller deerand, moose-deer, wilds boar a me nā bipi hihiu, me nā panthers, tigers a me nā. ʻolio. Kīī makemake nā kamaʻāina o nā ʻāina kiʻekiʻe i ka hopu ʻana i ka stag, a me ka ʻeke ʻiwa. Aia i waena o nā mea reptile: cobra, trigonocephalea pythons, boa constrictor a me nā nāhelehele holoholona.
Ka lawaiʻa
In Kauwauna [ʻO Dầu Một], ʻoiai ʻo nā mea āpau ma Cochin-China, ʻo ka lawaiʻa ʻana kekahi o nā kumu nui o nā kānaka. Nā ʻōpala, nā ʻōpū, nā loko i kālai ʻia e lākou. ʻO nā ʻano lawaiʻa i hoʻohana ʻia e lākou, ua ʻano like me nā ʻano iʻa ʻia, nā ʻupena, nā ʻuʻupu a me nā kaula a me nā kaula.
Flora
Aia kahi papa nui e makaʻala ʻia e ka ʻohi o nā orchids, nā pua, nā maka, a me nā mea kanu bulbous i loaʻa ma kahi āpau a ma nā ʻano like ʻole.
KAʻIʻI
Kauwauna [ʻO Dầu Một] 30 km, mai Saigon [Sài Gòn], ʻo ka mea hoʻolaha pilikino no ka poʻe kamaʻāina. Ke ala nui ʻia ke alanui kolona N ° 13 a ua māʻalo ʻia ʻO Giadinh [Gia Định]. ʻO Laithieu [Lai Kieu] a Bung [ʻO ka Bưng], a ma hope o ke neʻe ʻana i kekahi mau dane kiʻi kiʻi, a hiki i ka mākeke ma ke kūlanakauhale nui, e kū ana i ke keʻena. I kēlā me kēia Lāpule, hōʻea nā poʻe lawaiʻa e hele mai ana mai ka hopu ʻana i ka nahele ma ka hōkele bungalow kaulana loa, e kū nei ma ka pali o nā Saigon [Sài Gòn] ka muliwai. Ke hoʻomau nei nei ma kahi northerly direksyon, ke alanui haʻahaʻa i Beneat, ka hele ʻana i ka penitentiary a me ke kula mahiai o ʻO Ong-Yem [ʻO Dèm], a mahope iho o ke kahe ana i na ululaau ma ke ala o ʻO Chonthanh [ʻO Chơn Thành], hiki i ka papu o Honquan [Hnn Quản], aia nā lāʻau hevea, i Locninh [Lộc Ninh] a me ka ʻaoʻao mamao o Kipetopa, he 153 km. Mai laila aku, hiki i Kratie, hiki wale ke ala ke ala i ka manawa maloʻo. ʻO ka huakaʻi ma Saigon Saigon [Sài Gòn] - Honquan [Hnn Quản] a hiki koke i ke alo nui i uhi ʻia ma nā kaʻa kaʻa. Aia kekahi mau lālani kiʻi Kauwauna [ʻO Dầu Một] ka Bienhoa [ʻO Biên Hoà], 31 km. Hiki ke hoʻolimalima ʻia nā pepeiao o motor Kauwauna [ʻO Dầu Một], e ʻae ana i kahi i kipa aku ai, ma kahi ʻae a a manawa pōkole loa, kekahi o nā wahi maikaʻi loa ma Cochin-China. 3 km mai Kauwauna [ʻO Dầu Một], na ka heehoe la i haule i ka Saigon [Sài Gòn] ʻo ka wai, ʻo ka ʻolike lāʻau [ʻO Bā Lụa] pagoda, kaulana no kona kaona hoʻoliina. ʻO nā hale kupapaʻu kahiko o nā mandarins, ʻākau o ke kūlanakauhale, i ke ala e hiki ai Honquan [Hnn Quản] aia pono kekahi e kipa aku.
BAN TU THƯ
12 / 2019
KA MANAʻO:
1: ʻO Marcel Georges Bernanoise (1884-1952) - Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Painter ma Valenciennes - ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Palani. Hōʻuluʻulu o ke ola a me kāu ʻoihana:
+ 1905-1920: Ke hana nei ma Indochina a ka luna ʻĀina i ke Kiaʻāina o Indochina;
+ 1910: Kumu ma Kula Hikina Loa o Palani;
+ 1913: Ka papa noi i nā ʻano kanaka maoli a me ka paʻi ʻana i ka nui o nā ʻatikala kākau ʻōlelo;
+ 1920: Ua hoʻi ʻo ia i Palani a hoʻonohonoho i nā hōʻikeʻike kiʻi ma Nancy (1928), Paris (1929) - nā kiʻi pena ʻāina e pili ana iā Lorraine, Pyrenees, Paris, Midi, Villefranche-sur-mer, Saint-Tropez, Ytalia, a me kekahi mau mea hoʻomanaʻo. mai ka Hikina Loa mai;
+ 1922: Ke paʻi nei i nā puke e pili ana i nā hana hoʻonaninani ma Tonkin, Indochina;
+ 1925: Lanakila i kahi makana nui ma ka Hōʻikeʻike Kolona ma Marseille, a hana pū me ka mea hoʻolālā o Pavillon de lʻIndochine e hana i kahi o nā mea i loko;
+ 1952: Hōʻailona i ka makahiki 68 a waiho i kahi nui o nā paʻi a me nā kiʻi;
+ 2017: Hoʻokomo ʻia kāna hale kiʻi kiʻi i kāna wā mamo.
E hoʻomaopopo ':
◊ puke “KAHIKI LA”- Marcel Bernanoise - Hong Duc [Hồng Đức] Mea hoʻolaha, Hanoi, 2018.
' wikipedia.org
◊ Nānā i nā hua ʻōlelo Vietnamese i hoʻopuni ʻia ma loko o nā māmele hōʻailona - hoʻonohonoho ʻia e Ban Tu Thu.
NĀ MANAʻO:
' CHOLON - La Cochinchine - Mahele 1
' CHOLON - La Cochinchine - Mahele 2
' SAIGON - La Cochinchine
' ʻO GIA DINH - La Cochinchine
' BIEN HOA - La Cochinchine
' THU DAU MOT - La Cochinchine
' KAU THO - La Cochinchine
' TAN AN - La Cochinchine
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