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HUNG NGUYEN MANH ¹

ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā lako a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o ka hale

    hahai HENRI OGER a ʻo kāna mea hou, ʻike hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i kekahi wahine kahiko e ʻalo ana i ka pā o kona hale.

    ʻOiai he mea maʻamau ia akā akā i nā maka o ʻO Henri Oger ua pili ia me kekahi ʻano mea ʻē aʻe i loko o ke kaiāulu. Hiki i nā mea āpau ke lilo i kona hoʻohana ponoʻī mai kahi mauʻu i ka ʻaʻo. Akā i kēia mau lā hope loa o ka makahiki ka nui o ka hana o ka hana ma ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana a kāʻei ʻia i ka hale e lilo i mea leʻaleʻa maikaʻi loa ma mua o ka mea i manaʻo ʻia i ka Hōʻike Manaʻo Hou Hou.

   Ua loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻano o nā hale nā ​​hana ponoʻī no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻana. No kahi hale pia, hoʻomohala hou ka mea nona nā paia.   

      Eia hoʻi kahi kiʻi o ka mea hale hale i paʻa i ʻelua mau lāʻau i hoʻopili ʻia e ka mea hoʻokalakupua a holo akula a puni ka hale, e lele ana iā lākou mai ka hale i ka ʻāina e peʻe ai i nā daimonio huna a hūnā. (Fig 1)

     Eia kekahi lapuwale ʻē aʻe e hōʻike ana i kahi kāne kūlohelohe e lime ana i ka hale ona a "Holoi i kāna hana haipule" (Fig.2)

MANUIA KE ALTAR

    ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ka lā 25 o ka lā ʻumikūmālua mau malama i ka hoʻomana ʻana i nā kūpuna. Ma kēlā lā  Wiekanama ʻo ka maʻa mau nā lāʻau joss māmā a me nā kapuahi. ʻO ka mōhai ʻana i nā mea i hana ʻia i ka pepa e like me nā pā, ke gula a me ke kālā, nā pāpale mahiole a me nā pāpale conical, nā iʻa, nā ʻīlio hihiu ... i puhi ʻia a ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe ma ke kuahu kūpuna i holoi ʻia, hoʻomaʻemaʻe a pani ʻia inā ua pau. ʻO Henri Oger ua waiho iā mākou i kekahi mau huakaʻi o nā ʻatikala maʻamau ma ke kuahu. E nānā pū kākou i nā ʻōpala hakakā joss i hana ʻia i ka pōhaku (Fig.3), nā keleawe (Fig.3).

    E hoʻomoʻi ʻia nā kīloʻi ʻelua josstick. Inā paʻakikī paha nā mākaʻi i ka wā hana lākou ma kahi urn i hana ʻia ma ke ʻano o kahi hua ʻoma apricot (Fig.4) ai ʻole ulia keleawe i kālai ʻiaFig.4).

    Inā i hanaʻia nā urns e hana i ka pōhaku, ʻaʻole nui ka hoʻoikaika e koi ai i nā polishers. I ka mea i noho ai ka urn i kahi wahi hoʻāno loa ma ke kuahu ua pono ai kāna hana ʻana i nā mea akamai a me nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā lako maikaʻi. Hiki iā mākou ke nānā i kēia mau mea koʻikoʻi ma (Fig.4) (he mea kuni kuni kuni) ai ʻole (Fig.5) (kahi urn poepoe).

    No ke kuhikuhi ʻana i ka waiwai o ia mau urns pipiʻi e like me ka mea ma ke kiʻi 4, pono mākou e heluhelu i ka palapala i kākau ʻia i nā huaʻōlelo Kina e nā mea hana lima nāna i hana: "Hana ʻia kēia uka me ke keleawe a ʻohana wale nō nā ʻohana waiwai ke loaʻa. ʻO ka urn kekahi ʻatikala i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻomana ʻana. ”

    In Hema Vietnam, ma laila he mau ipu tongi e waiho ana i ke kuahu o nā kūpuna ma kahi o kahi o nā ʻāpana keleawe a me nā kukui kukui. He mea maʻalahi kekahi mau mea puni no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana a me ka polima ʻoiai ma ke poʻo o lākou e kū ai he unicorn me ka waha ākea ākea e pāʻani ana me kahi lei. ʻAʻole naʻe i maʻalahi ka maʻalahi o kekahi mau mea no ka poli ma muli o ko lākou palahalaha e like me ke "buu a ka nānā maka" a i ʻole "unicorn bamboo urns".

    ka Wiekanama hoʻohana pinepine i ka coil niu i hoʻomoʻa i ka wai o ka hua carambola i hui ʻia a hui ʻia me ka lehu paʻakai e polū ai i ka urns keleawe a hiki i kahi aniani.

    I mau, me ka Wiekanama ua mālama i ka ʻāpana ʻelima a i ʻole ʻelima wae i hoʻonohonoho ʻia a i ʻole ʻehiku i kau ʻia ma luna o ke kuahu nā kūpuna a laila i mākaukau pono me ka ʻālana o ka "mōhai tray" (Fig.6) no ka hana hoʻomana hoʻomana a nā kūpuna. ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho ʻenehana ʻekolu (Fig.6) nā mea o ka urn a me kahi kū pālua kukui. Hoʻokomo pū ʻia ka ʻelima mau pahuhopu i kahi pālua o ke kūpaʻa a me ka lana. Ma waho aʻe o kēia mau mea, aia kekahi ipu keleawe e like me ke koena o ka lāʻau aquilaria (Fig.7) a hūlū kekahi kanaka keke i hoʻohana a mālama i ke ahi o ka aquilaria.²

    I ka Ke akau, i loko o kahi hale ʻina e ʻekolu, waiho mau ʻia ke kuahu o nā kūpuna i waenakonu, kahi laʻa loa i ka hale. Me ka hana ʻana i nā ʻohana, ua hoʻonohonoho mau ʻia ke kuahu i nā wahi ʻelua: i loko a i waho.

   ka ma loko o ke kuahu nona ka moena moe gaced red lac ornate i kau ʻia ma luna o ʻelua keʻokeʻo o kahi o ka mika 1 mika, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa a kokoke i ka pā hope o ka hūnā.

    ka papa kūpuna (ʻO Bài vị) ka papa inoa inoa kanaka make (Thần chủ) waiho ʻia i loko o kahi lāʻau miniatur kapu-ʻāhi (Khám) i hōʻike ʻia ma ka wāwae wāwae e kokoke ana i ka paia. Ua hoʻololi ʻia kekahi mau ʻohana e kahi a hoomana ana i ka nohoalii (HI Y) ai 'ole noho alii - kūlana hoʻokipa o nā papa (cỗ Ngai) - hōʻailona i ke kūlana o kēlā a me kēlā kūpuna.

    'Ohea ka hoomana ana i ka nohoalii kāhea ʻia "Y"A ua kapa ʻia ke"ʻO Ngai”? ʻOiaʻiʻo, “Y"A me"ʻO Ngai"Like nā mea like, koe wale nō ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o kā lākou ʻano hana i kālai ʻia ai. Me ka "Y", Ua kākā ʻia nā lima ʻelua i loko o ka honua i like me ka ʻōpala o kahi luahe e like me phyllostachys, ua kapa ʻia lākou he ʻano bane e like me ka lima phyllostachys. ʻAʻole kalua ʻia ke poʻo aliʻi ma loko o ke poʻo derona, inā i mālama ʻia no nā kānaka maʻamau. ʻO ka pau wale wale nō o ka lima o ka "ʻO Ngai"Ua kālai ʻia i loko o kahi poʻo hona, inā i mālama ʻia no nā ʻohana mandarin, a no ka hoʻomana ʻana alii, haku a Genie.

    Ma mua o kaY"Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ʻelua mau pālua me nā wāwae. ʻO ka mea i loko, kokoke i ka paia, ua liʻiliʻi a loaʻa iā ia mauna-ʻanuʻu ʻekolu (tam sơn). ʻOi ka mea nui i waho (ma kahi o 80cm x 60cm) a ua hana ia i ke hōʻike i nā kīʻaha i nā kīʻaha ma nā makahiki, nā lā ʻoli a i ʻole ʻẾ. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka pāloko o loko a me waho e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e a e hoomana ana i ka pale kāhea ʻia "oe môn", I hana ʻia me ka ʻulaʻula siliki ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ka papana. Hoʻopili i waho o ka "oe môn"He papa pākuʻi nui kiʻekiʻe. Ma ka waenakonu o ka papa ʻaina mea puhala ʻo ka mea kuni penikala no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā lāʻau joss. ʻO nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka mea kuni mea ʻala he ʻelua mau kukui e hōʻike ana i ka symmetrically. Aia ma hope o ka mea kuni mea ʻala kahi papa liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi kahi i hōʻike ʻia ʻekolu mau lāʻau lālani e hoʻomana ana i kahi e waiho ai ʻekolu mau kīʻaha waina.

    I nā manawa ma mua, ua hoʻomālamalama ʻia nā kukui me ke aila maniani, ua kau ʻia ka wick a ke kukui ma ka pā, no laila, kūʻai ka poʻe maikaʻi i ke keleawe (he keleawe)Fig.7) a i ʻole nā ​​mea hana lāʻau paha me nā ʻano nūnū e like me ka lau launa e hōʻike ai i ka pāpale aforesaid; inā ʻaʻole, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia kēlā pā i ka lāla. Ma waho aʻe o kēia mau papa kukui ua waiho ʻia nō hoʻi kahi kīʻaha ʻehā a joss sticks e paʻa ana i nā lāʻau joss.

    Aia kekahi mau ipu vā pua nui ʻelua i kau ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua a ma hope pono o nā ʻelua manu ʻelua. A laila, ʻo ka mea hope loa, hōʻike ʻia kahi pākini kilina huluhulu i hana ʻia e mālama i nā ʻano ʻelima o nā hua, i hōʻike pono ʻia ma ka waena waena ma mua o ka mea kuni mea ʻala. e loaʻa iā mākou kahi manawa kūpono e hoʻopaʻa pono ai i kēia ʻatikala ma hope.

    ʻO kēia mau mea a pau ka hoʻomana ʻana i nā mea, ke hōʻike ʻia o ka kūleʻa, ke kuhikuhi nui nei i nā manaʻo i ke ʻano o ka mihi e hōʻike ʻia e nā huaʻōlelo e pili ana i ko lākou mau kūpuna. Akā, me nā ʻohana nona nā lālā he mandarins, ʻoi aku nā mea me nā koina a i ʻole nā ​​mea i loaʻa i ka moʻomeheu aliʻi, e koi ʻia nā hōʻike hou aʻe penei:

- A ʻohana i wae ʻia ma ka loina aupuni i lilo i ka mea i loaʻa i ka hierarchy mandarinal i loaʻa i kahi ʻāpana e hoʻopaʻa i ke kānāwai aliʻi.

- Nāʻohana ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mana kīwila a i ʻole nā ​​lālā e loaʻa i ka hanohano o ka papa mua i nā hoʻokūkū hiki ke hōʻike i nā mea hou e like me nā hae, plards, gongs, drums.

- Nāʻohana ke loaʻa i nā mandarins pūʻali koa, ināʻa nā mea me nā mea hanohano nui e hōʻike i ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana o nā mea kaua i kapa ʻia ʻo "set of"ʻEwalu mea kaua koʻikoʻi"(ʻO Bát bửu) - me nā ʻano o nā mea kaua ʻewalu (ʻāpana keleawe, koʻi lipi, lāʻau, koʻokoʻo nui…). ʻO kēia mau mea kaua i hana ʻia i ka lāʻau gilded a i ʻole keleawe. Akā naʻe, makemake nui nā ʻohana aloha a hanohano e hoʻonui hou i kā lākou ala no ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kā lākou moʻomeheu ʻohana. No kēlā kumu, ʻike mau mākou i pili i luna a ma mua o ke kuahu o nā kūpuna he "Nā kahakaha lacquered horizontal i kālai ʻia me nā ʻano Kina"(Hoành phi) ai 'ahōʻailona nui calligraphic"(ʻOi) kaomi i nā kiʻi Kina e like me. "Đức duy hinh"(mālama ka maikaʻi i ka kaulana a me ka hōʻaiʻē), "Đức lưu quang"(mālama ka hemolele), "Mộc hữu bản"(Aia nā lāʻau). Aia pū kekahi, hoʻohui ʻia ma ka "Hoành phi"A kau ʻia ma luna aʻe, he" hoành phi "nani nani i like me kahi ʻaoʻao o ka puke me ka papani. E puka i waho o ka wahi i waiho ʻia no ke kuahu a nānā i kahi a puni; e ʻike mākou i kekahi o nā pālua nui o nā kolamu lāʻau nui-kūkulu ʻia e like me ka papa kiʻi kahiko e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i ka mahalo, ka ʻihi a me ka hoʻāno o kēia wahi. E poina mau ana mākou e haʻi i nā ʻōlelo kuʻuna e hoʻomaikaʻi aku ana i ke kūlana ʻohana a i ʻole ka hōʻike ʻana i nā manaʻo pilikino, maʻamau i kau ʻia ma nā pou e hōʻike ana i nā mau ʻōlelo e like me: (Kupaa ka pono o nā kūpuna a lilo i mau tausani makahiki o ke ʻano he kupaianaha loa ka pono o nā hua).

   ʻO ka hopena hope loa, hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i ke waiho ʻia ma mua o ka pale wili i ulana ʻia kahi kukui i kapa ʻia "hoomana ana i ke kukui"(tự ngăng). He kukui kēia e paʻa ana i loko o kahi pā i loaʻa i ka aila ʻaina a me ka wick. Ma hope mai, ma hope o ka hiki ʻana mai o nā poʻe ʻemani Farani, ua hoʻohuli ʻia ke kanaka e ke kukui kukui 3-string. Ma nā kūlanakauhale, ua hoʻolioli ka hoʻomana haipule e kahi ʻāpana uila uila e hoʻomālamalama ʻia i ke ao a me ka pō. Maikaʻi o ka 3 mau lā, penei i kēlā mau lā e like me ke ola ʻana o kekahi o nā kūpuna o kekahi. Ma ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, ʻo nā mea hoʻomana o ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e hana ʻia i nā mea e like me ka lāʻau koʻikoʻi, ke keleawe keleawe. Ke makemake wale nei ka poʻe ilihune i ka mea e hoʻomana ai i nā mea i hana ʻia i ka lāʻau hua jack, kahi ʻano lāʻau e hana maʻamau no ka kaha ʻana i nā papa ʻalani e ʻala a ʻaʻole i ʻai ʻia e nā kahu ʻai lāʻau. Loaʻa i nā poʻe hou aʻe i nā mea e ʻiliʻili ʻia.

    Pono kahi hiʻohiʻona kuʻuna o ko mākou poʻe e, i ke komo ʻana i kahi makahiki hou, pono nā mea āpau āpau, a no laila, ma nā kuahu i loko o nā ʻohana āpau e pono e hoʻonani maikaʻi ʻia ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā mea ʻala a me nā ipukukui e loaʻa ai ka maʻemaʻe a maikaʻi ʻole. ʻōlinolino. Ma nā kuahu kuahu a mahalo hoʻi, like nā mea hoʻomana i nā ʻāpana ʻekolu a ʻo ka mea nui ka ʻekolu ʻāpana o nā ʻaoʻao hoʻomana.he mea ʻala kuni a me nā ipukukui ʻelua).

    Hoʻokomo ʻia ka mea kuni mea ala ma waenakonu, kokoke i ka lihi o ke kuahu, a hana maʻalahi ʻia a ʻokoʻa ʻia me kona wahi o loko e hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka lehu, a ʻo kona poʻi e kau ana i nā kāhiko e like me ka peach, unicorn, a crane… Hoʻonani ʻia hoʻi me nā ʻano chine kuʻuna e like me: Hoʻomana akua, keiki filial, hoʻopōmaikaʻi, waiwai a pēlā aku ... Me nā kāhiko nani nā kahakaha holed, e ʻae ana i ka mea ʻala e hohola i kāna uahi pilau.

   Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ipukuni me nā symmetrically i nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua i ka mea honi. Aia i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana: ke kumu, ke kino a me kahi ʻāpana e hoʻopuni ʻia ana ma waena o ke kumu a me ke kino, e ʻimi ana i ka ʻohi ʻana i ka lehu e hāʻule ana mai ka ipukukui. Aia ma luna o kona kino he kaū poʻomanaʻo kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka kukui, e like me kona kumu, ua ʻōleʻulu ʻo ia. Makemake nui ka poʻe ma ke kūkulu hema i ke hoʻohana ʻana i ke ahi no ka mea ʻala ʻole kapuahi (e hōʻike ana i nā mea ola ʻehā), ʻoiai makemake ka poʻe ma Central a ma North Vietnam e like me ka ʻano o ka pōʻai (e hōʻike ana i ka lā). Aia nō ma nā ʻano pagodas mau pahu keleawe keleawe a like me ke kiʻekiʻe o 80cm a ʻo ka nui a me ka 10 kilona a ʻoi aku paha ma mua o 10 kilos. ʻOiai, i waena o nā ākea ākea, ke hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe 40cm nui; ʻaʻole ia i hana ʻia me ka keleawe, me ka mea i hilinaʻi i ka mea hoʻohana, nā mea waiwai a ʻilihune paha. I nā lā i hala, i mea e honi ai ka mea ʻala ʻoni, mea ʻai nā keiki i ka hapalua hapa, e hoʻohana ana i ka carambola, lemon a ke one e hoʻomoʻi i ka wai, a laila e hoʻomoʻo i ka lā a ʻekolu a ʻehā paha ma mua o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ke kuahu.

    I kēia mau lā, ke noho nei mākou i ka manawa o ka ʻoihana a me ke kālepa ʻana, no laila, pololei ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Dekemaba, ʻike kākou i nā wahi āpau i nā limahana hana me kā lākou pahu o nā mea hana, mākaukau e polū i nā ʻano mea keleawe a me nā mea mete, nui loa i ka lā 23 o ka mahina o ka malama hope loa i ka wā i lele ai ka lewa i ka lani; ma kēlā lā, he mea nui ka nui o nā limahana hana i nā hana he nui e hoʻokō i nā koi o nā kānaka ...

    I ka paepae o na Makahiki Hou Hou, He hou a hou nā mea āpau.³

KA MANAʻO:
¹ Ua'ōlelo ʻo HUNG NGUYEN MANH, Kauka o Phylosophy ma ka mōʻaukala.
² Wahi a BÌNH NGUYÊN LỘC - (ʻO ka nalowale a me ka loaʻa o ka moʻomeheu a i ʻole ka Tranquil Tets ma ka Hema) - Saigon, Nānā Hou, nā helu kūikawā 19 a me 20, Ianuali a me Pepeluali, 1973.

KA MANAʻO:
¹ Ua'ōlelo ʻo HUNG NGUYEN MANH, Kauka o Phylosophy ma ka mōʻaukala.
² “Hợp hương dĩ đồng chế” (Urn e like me ka ipu keleawe heʻe no ka mea he lāʻau aquilaria).
³  E like me ĐÀO TĂNG “ʻO ka noho ʻana o nā mea kuni kuni mea ʻala ma Tết"- (Ka Nupepa Nīnau) dated Ianuali 24, 1999 - p.5

BAN TU THU
01 / 2020

KA MANAʻO:
◊ Kumu: Hui Kūʻai Vietnam Vietnam - Makahiki Nui - Asso. Prof. HUNG NGUYEN MANH, Kauka o Phylosophy i ka mōʻaukala.
Ban Ua hoʻonoho ʻia ʻo Ban Tu Thu e nā kiʻi kikokiko a me nā kiʻi sepia. ma kahi o ka mea

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