ʻO nā hopohopo o ka PROBIDENT PEOPLE - CONCERN no DEBT PAYMENT

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HUNG NGUYEN MANH ¹

    Ke aʻo ʻana i nā ʻenehana o nā Nā kānaka Vietnamese i nā kālepa kuʻuna a me nā hana, HENRI OGER ua nānā nui i nā ʻōuli a me nā neʻe i nā kūlana like ʻole e like me ke kū ʻana, ka hele wāwae ʻana, ka moe ʻana a me ka noho ʻana ... e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma ka pepa kiʻi ma kahi "Squatter" (Fig 1).

     Inā ʻike ʻia kēlā kūlana noho i ka lā ma mua o ke Hōʻike Manaʻo Hou Hou ʻAʻole hiki i ka poʻe nānā ke ʻike kaumaha i ka pōʻino o ka mea i kū me ka piling hōʻaiʻē me ka ʻole o kekahi kūmole i mua o ka maka. Pehea ʻoe e hiki ʻole ai ke ʻike i ka poʻe ʻilihune a maikaʻi ʻole i ka poʻe leʻaleʻa i kahi hanana ʻo "Kāhea e like me ka hoʻokē ʻana iā Tết".

     Wahi a ka hana Vietnamese a laila i ka wā o ka hopena o ka makahiki e hoʻonā ʻia nā hōʻaiʻē a me nā moʻomeheu i mea e hōʻoluʻolu kekahi i nā Nā lā hoʻomaha. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO kā lākou kuleana, he uku i nā mea hōʻaiʻē e uku i nā hōʻaiʻē ma mua o ka makahiki hou², i ʻole, e noho hope ka mea hope ma nā lā mua o ka makahiki hou, kahi mea e manaʻo ʻiagiông"(kahi hōʻailona hou o ka ʻona pōʻino a me ka papaʻa no nā kānaka āpau). ʻO ka ʻōlelo maʻamau "Inā hele ʻoe i ka wahine i waho o ka hale i ka lā mua o ka makahiki hou, ʻo ʻoe ka "giông" a puni ka makahiki.".

     Akā e hana ka poʻe i kahi neʻe e nānā i ka wā i hālāwai ai lākou me nā kūlana ʻole. ʻAʻole hiki i kekahi poʻe hōʻaiʻē ke uku i kā lākou mau hōʻaiʻē i nā lā hope loa o ka makahiki e holo lele a hoʻi hou lākou i ko lākou hale i kēlā me kēia Ka Hau Hou. ^ E Ha yM. Ma ke kakahiaka o ka lā mua o ka makahiki hou, inā ua kāhea ka mea hōʻaiʻē i ko lākou mau hale e kiʻi ai i kā lākou manaʻo hewa; i ka wā e mālama ʻia ana i ka bay, e ʻako lākou i ka mea nāna i hōʻaiʻē a ka hewa iā ia no ka mālama ʻole ʻana i nā pākaukau hou no lākou.

     ʻAʻole paha ʻo Henri Oger i ʻike i kekahi ʻano o ka poʻe paʻa loa akā ua hōʻike ʻo ia i nā lawehala hewa i hele aku e noi no ka hoʻopanee hōʻaiʻē hōʻaiʻē me ka wahine hoʻolimalima e hali ana i ke paina me ke poʻo puaʻa ma luna. ʻO ka mea nāna i hōʻaiʻē ʻo ia ke ʻano me ka neʻe ʻana me kahi pānaʻi laupū ​​palū ma kona lima a ʻoiai ka mea i kū ai ka mea i kū ʻia ma ka puka pā o kona hale piliki, e nānā aku ana iā ia. Inā e nānā pono ana, ʻike ʻia ua kahiko ʻia ka puka me nā mea i kākau ʻia ma nā ʻano Kina.He waiwai a waiwai".

     A Wiekanama penei:Hōʻike ʻia ka naʻauao ma ka ʻaha i hōʻike ʻia nā lā hope o ka makahiki inā he waiwai a ʻilihune paha ʻoe. "

    ʻO Nguyen Cong Tru ʻo ia iho - ke ʻike ʻana i nā manawa paʻakikī i kona ala e hoʻokō i ka kūleʻa - ua ʻaiʻē nui i ka ʻaiʻē:

     Ma ke ahiahi o ka lā 30 o ka mahina 12 o ka malama, i ka manawa e koi ʻia ai mai nā kuhikuhi a pau e uku hou aku i kekahi o nā kīwī, kīwī kekahi i kekahi wāwae a kīwī ʻia i ka Poorness.

     I ke kakahiaka o ka lā mua (no ka makahiki hou), aia kekahi i loko o nā kīʻaha hoʻokahi, a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka lima, hoʻopili kahi i ka waiwai ma loko o ka hale ".

KA MANAʻO:
¹ Ua'ōlelo ʻo HUNG NGUYEN MANH, Kauka o Phylosophy ma ka mōʻaukala.
² Wahi a ALEXANDRE DE RHODES - ʻO Relazion del Tunchino - Roma, 1650, pp. 108-109.

BAN TU THU
01 / 2020

KA MANAʻO:
◊ Kumu: Hui Kūʻai Vietnam Vietnam - Makahiki Nui - Asso. Prof. HUNG NGUYEN MANH, Kauka o Phylosophy i ka mōʻaukala.
Ban Ua hoʻonoho ʻia ʻo Ban Tu Thu e nā kiʻi kikokiko a me nā kiʻi sepia. ma kahi o ka mea

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◊ etc.