ʻO Kaha kaiaulu KHANG o 54 mau pūʻulu kānaka ma Vietnam

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   ʻOi ka KHANG ma mua o 15213 mau poʻe e noho nei ʻO Son La, ʻo Dien Bien¹ a Lai Chau² Nā Kūlana. Ua kāhea ʻia nō hoʻi lākou Xa Khao, Xa Xua, Xa Don, Xa Dang, Xa Hoc, Xa Ai, Xa Bung a Quang Lam. ^ E Ha yM. No ka ʻōlelo ʻo KHANG Pūpulu Mon-Khmer.

   I ka wā ma mua, ua hoʻohana nui ʻo KHANG i ka māla slash-and-bum ma o ka ʻeli ʻana i nā lua e lūlū ai i nā hua kanu. Ua ulu lākou i ka laiki palu ke ʻano o ka ʻai kai. I kēia manawa, palau ʻo KHANG i ka mahiʻai, e hoʻohana i nā mea kanu māla a me nā mea kanu lāʻau. He mea kaulana ka male manu. ʻO kā lākou mau hīnaʻi haki nclude nofoa, mau kīʻawe, nā hīnaʻi papa, nā ʻōpala, a me ka dosser. ʻOi loa ka lawe ʻana o KHANG i nā dossie manuahi manu ma ko lākou lae. Hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā kayaks nānā.

   I kēia manawa, ulu ka KHANG i ka lole a hoʻololi i ka lole a me nā lole mai THAI. Hoʻopili nā wahine ʻo KHANG i ko lākou mau niho a pau i ka betel. ʻAno kēia ʻano.

   Noho ka KHANG i nā hale-i-s: ilts me ka hale i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka carapace honu, ʻelua puka komo i nā wēlau ʻelua a ʻelua mau puka aniani ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua. He ʻelua mau ahi kuke kuke ko kēlā me kēia hale, hoʻomākaukau kekahi i ka meaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā a me kahi e hoʻokipa ai i nā malihini kuke a me ka mea kuke e mōhai ai i nā mākua i make.

   Hele ka male ma o ʻekolu mau ʻanuʻu: ke noi nei i ka male, waiho ʻana i kahi noho matrilocal a me ka male ʻana. ʻO ka ʻahaʻaina male mua ka māka o ka hale matrilocal o ke kāne mare. Mālama ʻia ka lua o ka male e hele pū me ka wahine ma ka home o kāna kāne. He kūlana kūikawā ka ʻanakala makuahine i ka male a kāna keiki kāne a me nā ʻāpana.

   He mea mau ke kanu pono ʻia o kahi mea make. Ma kona lua kupapaʻu, kūkulu ʻia kahi hale hoʻolewa a hoʻolako ʻia me nā waiwai no ka mea i make e like me ka ʻeke, ʻie laiki, mauʻu inu ʻona, ipu a me nā chopsticks. Ma ke alo o ka lua kupapaʻu, kūkulu ʻia he pou mika 3-4 a kau ʻia ma luna me kahi manu lāʻau a me ka pālule o ka wahine a ka mea i make.

   I nā manaʻo o ka KHANG, ʻelima mau ʻuhane o kēlā me kēia kanaka. Ma hope o ka make, noho kahi mea i loko o ka hale, hele kekahi i ka māla, noho kekahi ma ke kumu o ka lāʻau i ʻoki ʻia e hana i ka pahu kupapaʻu, noho kekahi i ka hale hoʻolewa a lele nā ​​mea i koe i ka lani. Lilo nā mākua i hala i ka ʻuhane o ka hale e hoʻomana ʻia ma ka wattle i loko o ka hale. Hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a ʻo wau nā kamaʻāina paʻa i nā ʻuhane o ka lani a me ka honua i ka hoʻomana.

NĀ MANAʻO:
'  Ke kaiāulu o 54 GROUPS ETHNIC ma Vietnam - Paukū 1.
'  ʻO Ka Pūnaewele BA NA o nā hui 54 Heʻāina ma Vietnam.
'  ʻO ka Bo Y Community o 54 mau pūʻulu kānaka ma Vietnam.
'  ʻO kā BRAU Community o 54 mau pūʻulu kānaka ma Vietnam.
'  Ka Pūnaewele Kaiaulu BRU-VAN KIEU o 54 mau pūʻulu kānaka ma Vietnam.
'  ʻO kā CHO RO Community o 54 mau pūʻulu kānaka ma Vietnam.
'  ʻO kā CO HO Community o 54 mau pūʻulu moʻokalaleo ma Vietnam.
'  ʻO CONG Community o nā hui 54 heʻāina ma Vietnam.
'  ʻO kā CHUT Community o 54 mau pūʻulu kānaka ma Vietnam.
'  ʻO ka CHU RU Community o 54 mau pūʻulu kānaka ma Vietnam.
'  ʻO kā CHAM Community o nā hui 54 heʻohana ma Vietnam.
'  ʻO ka DAO Community o 54 mau pūʻulu hui ma Vietnam.
'  ʻO ke kaiāulu o GIAY o 54 mau pūʻulu kānaka ma Vietnam.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo): CONG DONG 54 Dan toc Viet Nam - Phan 1.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo) me ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele ((Pūnaewele)Pūnaewele-Pūnaewele):  Nguoi BA NA trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo) me ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele ((Pūnaewele)Pūnaewele-Pūnaewele):  Nguoi bo Y trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em O Viet Nam.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo) me ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele ((Pūnaewele)Pūnaewele-Pūnaewele):  Nguoi BRAU trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em O Viet Nam.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo) me ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele ((Pūnaewele)Pūnaewele-Pūnaewele):  Nguoi BRU-VAN KIEU trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo) me ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele ((Pūnaewele)Pūnaewele-Pūnaewele):  Nguoi ma RO trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em O Viet Nam.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo) me ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele ((Pūnaewele)Pūnaewele-Pūnaewele):  Nguoi CHAM trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em O Viet Nam.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo) me ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele ((Pūnaewele)Pūnaewele-Pūnaewele):  Nguoi CHU RU trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em O Viet Nam.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo) me ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele ((Pūnaewele)Pūnaewele-Pūnaewele):  Nguoi CHUT trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em O Viet Nam.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo) me ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele ((Pūnaewele)Pūnaewele-Pūnaewele):  Nguoi CONG trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em O Viet Nam.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo) me ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele ((Pūnaewele)Pūnaewele-Pūnaewele):  Nguoi DAO trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em O Viet Nam.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo) me ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele ((Pūnaewele)Pūnaewele-Pūnaewele):  Nguoi GIAY trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em O Viet Nam.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo) me ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele ((Pūnaewele)Pūnaewele-Pūnaewele):  Nguoi GIA RAI trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em O Viet Nam.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo) me ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele ((Pūnaewele)Pūnaewele-Pūnaewele):  Nguoi HOA trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em o Viet Nam.
Version mana Vietnamese (ʻoe-VersiGoo) me ka Pūnaewele Pūnaewele ((Pūnaewele)Pūnaewele-Pūnaewele):  Nguoi KHANG trong Cong dong 54 Dan toc anh em O Viet Nam.
◊ etc.

BAN TU THU
08 / 2020

noka:
¹ :… Ke hōʻano hou nei…

KA MANAʻO:
◊ Puna & Kiʻi:  54 Hui Pūʻulu ʻē ma Vietnam, Thong Tan Publisher, 2008.
Ban Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ʻo Ban Tu Thu e nā leka uila a me nā ʻaoʻao mele a pau. ma kahi o ka mea