BIEN HOA - Cochinchina
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MARCEL BERNANOISE1
I. Hoikehonua Kino
o Kaipo
ʻO ka mokuʻāina o Bienhoa [ʻO Biên Hoà] ka palena ʻia ma ka ʻākau e ke aupuni ʻo Kipulila, ma ka hema-hikina a me komohana, e nā ʻāpana o ʻO Baria [Bà Rịa] a ʻO Giadinh [Gia Định], ma ka hikina, e ka aupuni Annamite, a ma ke komohana, e na kanawai o Kauwauna [Thủ Đầu Một] a ʻO Giadinh [Gia Định]. He lōʻihi a 110 km ka laulā o ka 90 km. Ma ke komohana-komohana a me ka hema-komohana o Bienhoa [ʻO Biên Hoà] he lepo ka hina i ka lepo, a he one-one one i ka one, a i ka ʻākau-hikina a me ka hikina-hema ma ka hikina-ʻulaʻula ia ka ʻulaʻula.ferruginous palika- argillous). ʻO ka muliwai nui loa Dong Nai [Naing Nai], aia ka wai i ka akau o ka papu o ʻO Lang Biang [Liang Biang] (Annam [An Nam]). Ma hope o ka mākaʻikaʻi ʻana i ka ʻāina kūʻokoʻa o nā Mois a me nā ululāʻau pōkole, a i ʻole hana ulu ʻana i nā hāʻule nui hiki ʻole ʻia, komo ʻia ʻo Cochin-Kina e ka Mois canton o ʻO Binh Tuy [ʻO Bīnh Tuy] (ʻO Bienhoa [Biên Hoà]).
Nā hana o ke Aupuni
Ma waho aʻe o nā ala wai, ka ʻāina ʻo Bienhoa [ʻO Biên Hoà] he kikowaena ala o nā alanui, e hoʻolako ana i nā ala maʻalahi o ke kamaʻilio ma waena o nā panina o nā Koloni, a me nā ʻano kaiaulu o nā ʻāina. Aia pū kekahi ala pā i ka lā Saigon [Sài Gòn] ka ʻO Phanthiet [Phan Thiet] e kaʻi aku i ka lōʻihi holoʻokoʻa o ke kaona, kahi lōʻihi ma kahi o 100km.
NĀ MAKAHI MAKAHIKI - ARGHAELOGICAL CURIOSITIES
Me nā hiʻohiʻona nani, kona mau lāʻau piha i ka pāʻani, ke aupuni o Bienhoa [ʻO Biên Hoà] he hoihoi nui i nā mea hoihoi a me nā mea hana kaiāulu. ʻO nā ʻōhumu nui ke: ʻO ka hāʻule o Tria [ʻO Trị An] (35 km mai ke aliʻi nui a me 65 km mai Saigon [Sài Gòn]), kahi i kūkulu ʻia ai kahi hale hoʻomaha, ma lalo o ka mālama a a me ke kumukūʻai o ke kala. ʻO nā keʻena haʻuki a me nā ʻu ʻana: ma ka hikina, nā Xuanloc [Xuân Lộc] āina ʻo Nui Chuachan [ʻO Núi Chứa Chan], nā mea ola o nā Lagna [La Nga], ma ka akau-komohana a He Binh [He Bình] a me kona mau mea e komo ai.
II. Hoikehonua Paʻa
ʻO nā moku ʻo ia ka cantons Annamite, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i 115 mau kūlanakauhale, a me 7 mau ciwai Mois he 45 mau kūlanakauhale. ʻO ka heluna o nā kānaka o 132000 e noho ana he 125 ʻEulopa, 116000 Annamites, 11500 Mois, 2000 Kino ʻia etc.
BIEN HOA
ʻO ke kūlanakauhale nui o ka moku'āina, 30 km mai Saigon [Sài Gòn], ma ka akau akau o ka muliwai Donai [Naing Nai]. Hoʻolālā ʻia nā lālā āpau o ka lawelawe lawelawe. He ʻina i hoʻokolokolo me nā mana ākea. Aia kahi hui o nā lawakiki e noho ma aneʻi i loko o ka hale paʻahao, a ua hoʻāla ʻia ka lua o ke kahua o ka ʻĀina ʻĀwinaiwi ʻoihana. Binh Thanh [Binh Thanh] mai 1923.
III. Hoohanauna waiwai
KAHUAI, HIKI
Ua olelo ʻia naʻe, ka lepo o ka Bienhoa [ʻO Biên Hoà] ʻaʻole kūpono no ka māla lau. Ma kahi o 30000 hekahi mau ʻāina wale nō ka hoʻohana ʻana no ka riee-mahina. Aia kahi aupuni o Bienhoa me kona wahi ākea o ka ʻāina ʻulaʻula maikaʻi, kahi mau makahiki, e alakaʻi ai i ka ulu ʻana o ka lāʻau hevea no ka hana ʻana i ka mahiʻai. Ma luna o ka 32000 heketea ua kipi ʻia i nā hui o nā mea kanu hevea. ʻO ka nui o nā kumu i kanu ʻia ma luna o ka heketena 8500 ʻeka, a ua helu ʻia ka nui o nā lāʻau i ʻoki ʻia a i ʻoki ʻia paha ma ka 795.553. I ka 1924, ʻo ka hana ʻana o ka pūpū maloʻo ka nui o ke koena ma mua o 1.500 tons. Ua hala i ka crissis huʻu, ua huli hou nā hui i kā lākou manaʻo no ka hoʻohana ʻana i kā lākou mea kanu a hoʻonui i ko lākou wahi a me ka hānai.
NA MEA NUI - NĀ KOHO KOHO
ʻO kahi wahi nui loa i mālama ʻia no kēia mau kanu lāʻau he 1.500 ʻekahi, kahi e hana nei he 800 hekeleka.
HANU ʻia ʻO KĀLĀWAI CANE
Aia kēia noho ʻana ma kahi o 1.100 mau heka a aia i loko o nā ʻaoʻao o ke kūkulu ʻākau a me ke komohana o ka mokuʻāina.
KAHIKI PALMS
Kahi kākele he 1.700 ʻeka ma lalo o ke kanu ʻana, me kahi hana makahiki o 600.000 kilos. ʻO nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe o ka waiwai nui e pili ana i ka mea: Kape, tapaa, pine-ʻōpala, Arachides (keiki-ʻāpala), nā hua lāʻau a me nā mea ʻai.
kālepa
Aia kekahi hana pāʻoihana ikaika ma ka moku. Ma waho aʻe o ke kālepa o nā huahana i hoʻopau ʻia ma ka moku'āina, e noho ana ka mea kūʻai ma nā lāʻau i kahi kūlana nui loa. Ma nā ululāʻau ʻo Bienhoa e hāʻawi i nā ʻano lāʻau āpau (trac, cam-lai, nā ʻano like ʻole o ka hele, sao, dau etc..) a ua ʻimi ʻia ka lāʻau i nā ʻoihana ʻenehana a me nā kānaka ʻē aʻe, ka poʻe e hoʻohana ana i nā ala kihi e kahele ʻana i kā lākou kalepa i nā moku o Cochin-China. ʻO ka lua, heʻano koʻikoʻi ka granite a me nā laterite.
KAHIKAI
Ua kākau ka ʻoihana ululāʻau, i ka makahiki 1923, no ka kūʻai waiwai nui nei: 47.000 cubic meters of fire-wood, 11.000 cubic meters of wood for construction, 5.000 cubic meters of wood for carpentry, 170 tons charcoal, 120 tons o pyrology. Kūkulu ʻia kahi hui hou, "The Indo-Chinese Forest Co." At Mele Dinh [ʻO Sông Dinh], ma ka aoao hikina o ka aina, kokoke ke alo i ka Annam [Me kahi inoa], no ka hānai ʻana i ke kālepa lāʻau, me nā ʻōnaehana hou.ʻike kai-ʻoi nā pahu a me nā ʻalihi uila, "materialel Decauville", etc.). Aia kahi distillery Kina i Binh Truoc. Loaʻa ka hopena makahiki i ka 400 i ka 450.000 lita o ka waiʻona kūlohelohe.
KUPONO MAKANI KAHIKI
Aia he 330 mau loea kūlohelohe, eia naʻe aia wale nō nā hana i ka wā hōʻiliʻili kō. Aia kahi wili wahine Kīwī ma ke kauhale o Binh Truoc nona ka ʻona liʻiliʻi ʻoihana hana me ka hōʻaiʻē kālā o 3.500 mau mika. He maʻamau maʻamau a kūʻai ʻia ia ma Bienhoa [ʻO Biên Hoà], Saigon [Sài Gòn] a Cho Lon [Chợ Lớn]. ʻO kahi māla palaka, no M. Prevot, aia ma ʻO Phuoc Ly [ʻO Phước Lý].
KANA MANA O KAHIKI
He nui loa kēia mau mea. Ma waho aʻe o ka Saigon [Sài Gòn] - ʻO Phanthiet [Phan Thiet], e holo ʻeono ana i kēlā lā i kēia lā, ma laila a i hoʻi, aia he ʻumikūmākahi o nā lawelawe kaʻa huakaʻi kaʻa he ʻumikumamākahi. Ma kēlā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻohe mākaʻi mokulele i pae ʻoi. Hoʻohana ʻia nā waʻa a me nā waʻa no ka lawe ʻana i nā huahana like ʻole, ʻo ka granite, laterite, pottery, cereals, hua, i ka nui o ka 1.700 e like me ka nui o ka nui.
IV. He mōʻaukala
(…) Pēlā Bienhoa [ʻO Biên Hoà] a ua hoʻopio ʻia e ka Haku o Hue [Hue] (Annam [An Nam]) Nguyen Hieu Vuong [Nguyễn Hiếu Vương], i ka noho Moi ana Le Kau Po [ʻO Lê Thánh Tôn] (1648-1663) a pana ʻia e ka poʻe noho ma Quang Nam [ʻO Quảng Nam], Quang Ngai [Quang Ngai] a me Ninh Binh [ʻO Ninh Bình]. Ma kahi o 1705, ua hoʻonui ʻia kēia koloni e ka hōʻea ʻana mai o Chinamen, nā ʻāpana o kahi pūʻali koa ma lalo o General ʻO Duong Ngan Lich [Dương Ngân Lịch]. Me ke kōkua o kēia mau malihini nui, ua hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ke aupuni a kanu ʻia. Ua hana nui ka ʻoihana a me nā ʻoihana i ke kaua nui, a ua lilo ke kauhale o Ban Lan ma ke kikowaena waiwai nui, pinepine ʻia e nā moku kalepa o nā ʻano ʻ āina like ʻole, i piʻi aku nei i ka Dong Nai [Naing Nai] e kuai aku i ka lakou waiwai. Bienhoa- [ʻike ʻO Biên HoàNo Tinh nā mea Annamites a hiki i ka lā i noho ʻia ai e ka poʻe Farani ma 1861. Ma lalo o ka noho aliʻi ʻana o Farani, Bienhoa Tinh [ʻike ʻO Biên Hoà] ua kūkulu ʻia i ʻekolu mau mokuʻāina. ʻO Baria [Bà Rịa], Bienhoa [ʻO Biên Hoà], Kauwauna [Thủ Đầu Một].
BAN TU THƯ
12 / 2019
KA MANAʻO:
1: ʻO Marcel Georges Bernanoise (1884-1952) - Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Painter ma Valenciennes - ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Palani. Hōʻuluʻulu o ke ola a me kāu ʻoihana:
+ 1905-1920: Ke hana nei ma Indochina a ka luna ʻĀina i ke Kiaʻāina o Indochina;
+ 1910: Kumu ma Kula Hikina Loa o Palani;
+ 1913: Ka papa noi i nā ʻano kanaka maoli a me ka paʻi ʻana i ka nui o nā ʻatikala kākau ʻōlelo;
+ 1920: Ua hoʻi ʻo ia i Palani a hoʻonohonoho i nā hōʻikeʻike kiʻi ma Nancy (1928), Paris (1929) - nā kiʻi pena ʻāina e pili ana iā Lorraine, Pyrenees, Paris, Midi, Villefranche-sur-mer, Saint-Tropez, Ytalia, a me kekahi mau mea hoʻomanaʻo. mai ka Hikina Loa mai;
+ 1922: Ke paʻi nei i nā puke e pili ana i nā hana hoʻonaninani ma Tonkin, Indochina;
+ 1925: Lanakila i kahi makana nui ma ka Hōʻikeʻike Kolona ma Marseille, a hana pū me ka mea hoʻolālā o Pavillon de lʻIndochine e hana i kahi o nā mea i loko;
+ 1952: Hōʻailona i ka makahiki 68 a waiho i kahi nui o nā paʻi a me nā kiʻi;
+ 2017: Hoʻokomo ʻia kāna hale kiʻi kiʻi i kāna wā mamo.
E hoʻomaopopo ':
◊ puke “KAHIKI LA”- Marcel Bernanoise - Hong Duc [Hồng Đức] Mea hoʻolaha, Hanoi, 2018.
' wikipedia.org
◊ Nānā i nā hua ʻōlelo Vietnamese i hoʻopuni ʻia ma loko o nā māmele hōʻailona - hoʻonohonoho ʻia e Ban Tu Thu.
NĀ MANAʻO:
' CHOLON - La Cochinchine - Mahele 1
' CHOLON - La Cochinchine - Mahele 2
' SAIGON - La Cochinchine
' ʻO GIA DINH - La Cochinchine
' COCHINCHINA